Twisting the Plane with Complex Numbers

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A computer animation by Jason Schattman that shows how complex-valued functions warp & twist the plane in stunning—and sometimes violent—ways. For example, the function f(z) = z^2 shown at the start of the video bends each vertical line of the grid into a left-facing parabola, and each horizontal line into a right-facing parabola. The square-root function (shown at 1:58​) literally rips the grid in two! But my favourites are the reciprocal function f(z) = 1/z (at 1:23​), which turns the grid inside out, and f(z) = sin(z) (at 2:20​), which...well I won't give it all away. Just watch and enjoy. :)

More detail for the mathematically inclined
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These animations are illustrations of conformal mapping. A conformal map of a complex-valued function f(z) is a graph on the complex plane that shows how each vertical and horizontal line gets transformed by the function. (The complex plane is the set of all complex numbers of the form a+bi, where i is the square root of -1.)

For each point z in the grid that is being mapped, the program computes f(z) (think of this as the final destination of point z). The program then animates the journey of that point between z and f(z) over time. This is done using linear interpolation. At time t, where t ranges from 0 at the start to 1 at the end, let g(z, t) be the interpolated point between the starting point z and the ending point f(z). The program computes point g using the formula g(z, t) = t(f(z)) + (1-t)z, so that g(z, 0) = z at the start, and g(z, 1) = f(z) at the end, and g(z, 0.5) would be halfway between z and f(z).

To see more of my mathematical animations, check out my videos on...

Cool mathy fact: Watch how the quartic function f(z) = z^4 maps the vertical lines of the grid directly on top of the horizontal lines! Can you see how this relates to the fact that i^4 = 1?

With the code, you can easily create your own complex-valued functions and make new animations with them.
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loves how visual images can help us understand these abstract beauties.

LeBucle
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This means that i am a complex person, because every time i wake up my blanket is twisted in the same way as shown in the video

Gameplayer
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Imagine if we could show these animations to the Ancient Greeks. Forgetting all other modern notions Plato would be bewildered by and in awe of, these would certainly peak his geometrical interest such that I think he’d proclaim the gods are real.

MV-vvsg
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Great, another math channel I have to watch 😄

makethisgowhoosh
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I suck at explaining things, but it's quite cool how our brains will map the grid out, as if it is a 3d image and not what it started as; a 2d grid.

yangler
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I understand complex numbers and complex maps well, but how are you getting the 'intermediate' parts of the mapping?

glitchy
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This makes me feel like it's possible to visualize conplex functions in 3 dimensions. Having some input space in the complex plane and the output be another plane projected upward, with a "dot plane" of lines connecting each input to an output.

tylerduncan
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Math always produces the most confusing but stunning works for me

xraylay
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absolutely beautiful thank you for sharing :)

hershellevens
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This is simply beautiful. Conformal transforms are a true spectacle. The geometry of complex numbers and calculus.

kummer
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it feels like im being hypnotized while watching this

pyxelbuh
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Dude, this is so exciting to look how outer borders (where x and y going to infinities) stretches and overlap each others🙃

cmcumm
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I was guessing what each transformation was, the first one was x^2 but I didn’t get there rest until I read the comments and looked so hard my eye started to hurt but I eventually was able to find it

Qreator
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I like how √z tried to tear apart the complex plane

nayutaito
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imagine living in a universe with planes like these

TheeFlashbackMan
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This is living up to your channel name

toxiq
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How wonderful !

I've been waiting for a video like this.

お利口さん
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Strange, ominous, perplexing... this made my brain smile🙂

NihilisticTings
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So, now I can understand what could be the equation of the whole universe beyond The Earth, ultimately is how this universe is all formed, is how all the trajectories, planets, comets, asteroids, stars, galaxies, etc are placed on in this multi-plane universe!

rohitbhargava
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Unlike the other guy, I don't understand complex numbers nor complex plane. However, is like we're watching it bending into a higher dimension.

neitomonoma