Hemostasis, Types of hemostasis, Primary Hemostasis, Secondary Hemostasis, Physiology Made Easy

▪ Hemostasis (haemostasis) and blood coagulation refers to normal blood clotting in response to an injury. Hemostasis and its types is the physiological process by which a bleeding stops. Hemostasis may be categorized into primary hemostasis (platelet plug formation), secondary hemostasis (formation of a stabilized fibrin clot through the coagulation cascade), and tertiary hemostasis (formation of plasmin for breakdown of fibrin via fibrinolysis) concurrent processes.
▪ The mechanism of hemostasis can divide into four stages.
1) Constriction of the blood vessel.
2) Formation of a temporary “platelet plug."
3) Activation of the coagulation cascade.
4) Formation of “fibrin plug” or the final clot.
▪ Bleeding disorders are classified into problems with primary hemostasis - which is formation of the weak platelet plug, and problems with secondary hemostasis - which is making a strong fibrin clot through activation of the intrinsic, extrinsic and common coagulation pathways. The three most common hereditary bleeding disorders are hemophilia A (factor VIII deficiency), hemophilia B (factor IX deficiency) and von Willebrand disease.
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