Acute Bacterial Prostatitis Symptoms, Causes, Treatment

Acute Bacterial Prostatitis Symptoms, Causes, Treatment

1. What is acute bacterial prostatitis?
Answer:
Acute bacterial prostatitis is a sudden inflammation of the prostate gland caused by a bacterial infection. It is typically a urologic emergency that requires prompt diagnosis and treatment.

2. What are the common symptoms of acute bacterial prostatitis?
Answer:
Symptoms include:

Fever and chills
Dysuria (painful urination)
Urinary urgency and frequency
Perineal, pelvic, or rectal pain
Painful ejaculation
Weak urine stream or urinary retention
Systemic symptoms such as malaise and fatigue
3. Which bacteria most commonly cause acute bacterial prostatitis?
Answer:
The most common causative organisms are gram-negative bacteria, especially:

Escherichia coli (most frequent)
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Proteus species
Less commonly, gram-positive bacteria like Enterococcus may be involved.
4. What are the risk factors for acute bacterial prostatitis?
Answer:
Risk factors include:

Recent urinary tract infection (UTI)
Urogenital instrumentation (e.g., catheterization or cystoscopy)
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
Unprotected sexual activity
Urethral stricture
Immunosuppression (e.g., diabetes, HIV)

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5. How is acute bacterial prostatitis diagnosed?
Answer:
Diagnosis is based on:

Clinical history and physical exam: Presence of symptoms and a tender, swollen prostate on digital rectal examination (DRE).
Urine tests: Midstream urine culture and urinalysis to identify infection.
Blood tests: May show elevated white blood cell count (WBC) and inflammatory markers like CRP.
Imaging (if needed): Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) or CT scan for suspected complications like abscess.
6. How is acute bacterial prostatitis treated?
Answer:

Antibiotics: Empiric therapy with fluoroquinolones (e.g., ciprofloxacin or levofloxacin) or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is common until culture results guide therapy.
Supportive care: Pain management, hydration, and alpha-blockers (e.g., tamsulosin) to relieve urinary retention.
Hospitalization: Required for severe cases, IV antibiotics (e.g., ceftriaxone) may be needed.
7. What complications can arise if acute bacterial prostatitis is not treated promptly?
Answer:
Potential complications include:

Prostatic abscess
Chronic bacterial prostatitis
Sepsis
Urinary retention
Epididymitis
8. Can acute bacterial prostatitis be prevented?
Answer:
Preventive measures include:

Prompt treatment of UTIs
Avoidance of unnecessary urethral instrumentation
Safe sexual practices (e.g., use of condoms)
Good urogenital hygiene

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