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The Man Who Loved Potatoes - Antoine Parmentier - History's Greatest Potato Promoter
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Antoine-Augustin Parmentier loved potatoes. Antoine is remembered as a vocal promoter of the potato as a food source for humans in France and throughout Europe. what makes him particularly interesting is at the time Antoine was alive the cultivation of potatoes was illegal in France.
During the Seven Years' War, Antoine was serving as an army pharmacist for France and was eventually captured by the Prussians. In Prussian prison was faced with eating potatoes, again, known to the French only as hog feed.
The potato had been introduced from South America to Europe by the Spaniards at the beginning of the 16th century. It was introduced to the rest of Europe by 1640, but (outside Spain and Ireland) was usually used only for animal feed. In Prussia, where our boy Antoine is still in prison, King Frederick II required peasants to cultivate the plants under severe penalties. The Prussian king even provided them with cuttings. In 1748 the French Parliament had actually forbidden the cultivation of the potato (on the grounds that it was thought to cause leprosy among other things), and this law remained on the books in Antoine's time, until with his help, would later be reversed.
culinary
Due largely to Parmentier's efforts, the Paris Faculty of Medicine declared potatoes edible in 1772. Still, resistance continued, and Antone was prevented from using his test garden at the hospital where he worked as a pharmacist. The group holding Antoine back was the religious community that owned the land. Their complaints resulted in the removal of Parmentier's position at the hospital.
after this Antoine's mission would not be derailed. he then began a series of publicity stunts for which he remains notable today. He hosted dinners at which potato dishes were featured prominently and guests included Benjamin Franklin. Antoine once gave bouquets of potato blossoms to the king and queen of france. One of my favorites is a story of him surrounding his potato patch with armed guards during the day to suggest valuable goods and would withdraw them at night so people could steal the potatoes. He instructed them to let anyone steal them anytime during the day, too, and to take any bribe big or small.
1771, Parmentier won an essay contest in which all the judges voted the potato as the best substitute for regular flour. This was before a time France needed a replacement for wheat, so Antoine continued to face criticism and lack of acknowledgment for his work. The first step in getting French society to accept the potato was a year of bad harvests in 1785, when the scorned potatoes staved off famine in the north of France.
In 1789, Parmentier published work on the Culture and Use of the Potato, Sweet Potato, and Jerusalem Artichoke, it was (quote) "printed by order of the king", giving royal backing to potato eating. the problem was this work was published the day before the start of the French Revolution. 5 years later potatoes would become accepted as "food for the revolutionaries" in 1795 massive plots of potatoes were grown to feed rebels as they fought against the French monarchy.
Parmentier's culinary interests covered a wide range of opportunities to help the current generation through technical improvements; he published his observations touching on bread-baking, cheese-making, grain storage, the use of cornmeal, chestnut flour, mushroom culture, mineral waters, wine-making, improved sea biscuits, and a host of other topics.
In 1779, Parmentier was appointed to teach at the Free School of Bakery to help stabilize Paris' food supply by making bread in a more cost-efficient fashion. In that same year, he published a recipe in which he described how one can make potato bread that still has all the characteristics of wheat bread.
His many other contributions to nutrition and health included establishing the first mandatory smallpox vaccination campaign. Antoine was appointed as Inspector-General of Health Services by Napoleon, and would convince Napoleon to mandate the vaccine in 1805. He also perfected the process of the extracting sugar from beets. Parmentier founded a school of bread-making, and studied methods of conserving food, including refrigeration.
Any dish whose name includes the description "Parmentier" will contain potatoes as a major ingredient. The popular dish hachis Parmentier is very similar to cottage or shepherd's pie, consisting typically of a mixture of skinless mashed potato with finely ground meat. potage Parmentier, its a leek and potato soup, which has been puréed.
Parmentier died on December 13th 1813, at age 76. He is buried in Paris, in a plot ringed by potato plants,. He has a street named after him in paris and also a metro station. There are a couple of statues of Antoine in France...this one shows that him standing above a couple of grateful peasant while handing the m seed potatoes. .
During the Seven Years' War, Antoine was serving as an army pharmacist for France and was eventually captured by the Prussians. In Prussian prison was faced with eating potatoes, again, known to the French only as hog feed.
The potato had been introduced from South America to Europe by the Spaniards at the beginning of the 16th century. It was introduced to the rest of Europe by 1640, but (outside Spain and Ireland) was usually used only for animal feed. In Prussia, where our boy Antoine is still in prison, King Frederick II required peasants to cultivate the plants under severe penalties. The Prussian king even provided them with cuttings. In 1748 the French Parliament had actually forbidden the cultivation of the potato (on the grounds that it was thought to cause leprosy among other things), and this law remained on the books in Antoine's time, until with his help, would later be reversed.
culinary
Due largely to Parmentier's efforts, the Paris Faculty of Medicine declared potatoes edible in 1772. Still, resistance continued, and Antone was prevented from using his test garden at the hospital where he worked as a pharmacist. The group holding Antoine back was the religious community that owned the land. Their complaints resulted in the removal of Parmentier's position at the hospital.
after this Antoine's mission would not be derailed. he then began a series of publicity stunts for which he remains notable today. He hosted dinners at which potato dishes were featured prominently and guests included Benjamin Franklin. Antoine once gave bouquets of potato blossoms to the king and queen of france. One of my favorites is a story of him surrounding his potato patch with armed guards during the day to suggest valuable goods and would withdraw them at night so people could steal the potatoes. He instructed them to let anyone steal them anytime during the day, too, and to take any bribe big or small.
1771, Parmentier won an essay contest in which all the judges voted the potato as the best substitute for regular flour. This was before a time France needed a replacement for wheat, so Antoine continued to face criticism and lack of acknowledgment for his work. The first step in getting French society to accept the potato was a year of bad harvests in 1785, when the scorned potatoes staved off famine in the north of France.
In 1789, Parmentier published work on the Culture and Use of the Potato, Sweet Potato, and Jerusalem Artichoke, it was (quote) "printed by order of the king", giving royal backing to potato eating. the problem was this work was published the day before the start of the French Revolution. 5 years later potatoes would become accepted as "food for the revolutionaries" in 1795 massive plots of potatoes were grown to feed rebels as they fought against the French monarchy.
Parmentier's culinary interests covered a wide range of opportunities to help the current generation through technical improvements; he published his observations touching on bread-baking, cheese-making, grain storage, the use of cornmeal, chestnut flour, mushroom culture, mineral waters, wine-making, improved sea biscuits, and a host of other topics.
In 1779, Parmentier was appointed to teach at the Free School of Bakery to help stabilize Paris' food supply by making bread in a more cost-efficient fashion. In that same year, he published a recipe in which he described how one can make potato bread that still has all the characteristics of wheat bread.
His many other contributions to nutrition and health included establishing the first mandatory smallpox vaccination campaign. Antoine was appointed as Inspector-General of Health Services by Napoleon, and would convince Napoleon to mandate the vaccine in 1805. He also perfected the process of the extracting sugar from beets. Parmentier founded a school of bread-making, and studied methods of conserving food, including refrigeration.
Any dish whose name includes the description "Parmentier" will contain potatoes as a major ingredient. The popular dish hachis Parmentier is very similar to cottage or shepherd's pie, consisting typically of a mixture of skinless mashed potato with finely ground meat. potage Parmentier, its a leek and potato soup, which has been puréed.
Parmentier died on December 13th 1813, at age 76. He is buried in Paris, in a plot ringed by potato plants,. He has a street named after him in paris and also a metro station. There are a couple of statues of Antoine in France...this one shows that him standing above a couple of grateful peasant while handing the m seed potatoes. .
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