Let's Learn Bhagavad Gita - Day 239 - Chapter 18 - Shlokas 01, 02 & 03

Day – 239

Chapter 18 – śloka 01:
अर्जुन उवाच ।
सन्न्यासस्य महाबाहो तत्त्वमिच्छामि वेदितुम् ।
त्यागस्य च हृषीकेश पृथक्केशिनिषूदन ॥

arjuna uvāca ।
sannyāsasya mahābāho tattvamicchāmi veditum ।
tyāgasya ca hṛṣīkeśa pṛthakkeśiniṣūdana ॥

Word by Word Meaning:
arjunaḥ – Arjuna;
uvāca – said;
sannyāsasya – of sannyāsa or renunciation;
mahā-bāho – O Krishna, the mighty-armed one;
tattvam – truth or true meaning;
icchāmi – I desire;
veditum – to know;
tyāgasya – of tyāga or relinquishment;
ca – and;
hṛṣīka-īśa – O Krishna, the master of the senses;
pṛthak – the difference;
keśī-niṣūdana – O Krishna, the slayer of the demon Keshi;

Chapter 18 – śloka 02:
श्रीभगवानुवाच ।
काम्यानां कर्मणां न्यासं सन्न्यासं कवयो विदुः ।
सर्वकर्मफलत्यागं प्राहुस्त्यागं विचक्षणाः ॥

śrībhagavānuvāca ।
kāmyānāṁ karmaṇāṁ nyāsaṁ sannyāsaṁ kavayo viduḥ ।
sarvakarmaphalatyāgaṁ prāhustyāgaṁ vicakṣaṇāḥ ॥

Word by Word Meaning:
śrī-bhagavān uvāca – the Supreme Lord said;
kāmyānām – desireful or that which is motivated by desire;
karmaṇām – of actions;
nyāsam – giving up;
sannyāsam – sannyāsa or renunciation;
kavayaḥ – the sages or seers;
viduḥ – know as;
sarva – all;
karma – actions;
phala – fruits or results of;
tyāgam – renunciation;
prāhuḥ – call as;
tyāgam – tyāga or relinquishment;
vicakṣaṇāḥ – those who experienced;

Chapter 18 – śloka 03:
त्याज्यं दोषवदित्येके कर्म प्राहुर्मनीषिणः ।
यज्ञदानतपःकर्म न त्याज्यमिति चापरे ॥

tyājyaṁ doṣavadityeke karma prāhurmanīṣiṇaḥ ।
yajñadānatapaḥkarma na tyājyamiti cāpare ॥

Word by Word Meaning:
tyājyam – are to be given up;
doṣa-vat – as evil;
iti – thus;
eke – some;
karma – (all kinds of) actions;
prāhuḥ – say;
manīṣiṇaḥ – the thinkers or philosophers;
yajña – sacrifice;
dāna – charity;
tapaḥ – austerity;
karma – actions of;
na – never;
tyājyam – are to be given up;
iti – thus;
ca – and or while;
apare – others;

Explanation (śloka 01, 02 & 03):
This concluding chapter is the sum and substance of the earlier chapters of the sacred bhagavadgītā. The Lord explains that giving up actions motivated by desire is sannyāsa, whereas giving up the fruits of actions is called tyāga; both lead the seeker to liberation. While some wise men advocate giving up all action, others maintain that selfless acts of charity, sacrifice and austerity should never be given up.

Meaning (śloka 01):
Arjuna said: O Krishna, the mighty-armed one, O master of the senses, O slayer of the demon Keshi; I desire to know the true meaning of sannyāsa and tyāga, and the difference between the two.

Meaning (śloka 02):
The Supreme Lord said: Giving up actions that are motivated by desire is what the sages know as sannyāsa. Renunciation of the fruits of all actions is what the experienced ones call as tyāga.

Meaning (śloka 03):
Some thinkers say that [all kinds of] actions are to be given up as evil, while some others [say] that the actions of sacrifice, charity and austerity are never to be given up.

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