Structure of Villi | Absorption and Assimilation | Villus

Absorption and assimilation:
As a result of digestion, all macromolecules of food are converted into their corresponding monomeric units. Carbohydrates are broken into monosaccharides such as glucose and fructose. Proteins are hydrolysed into amino acids. Lipids get broken into glycerol and fatty acids. The simpler
organic molecules along with minerals, vitamins and water enter into body
fluids through the villi. The villi are small microscopic finger-like projections. Each villus is an absorbing unit consisting of a lacteal duct in the middle surrounded by fine network of blood capillaries. While the fatty acids are absorbed by the lymph duct, other materials are absorbed either actively or passively by the capillaries of the villi. From the lumen of the alimentary canal absorbed food materials are carried to the liver through hepatic portal vein. From the liver, materials are transported to all other regions of the body for utilisation. This conversion of food into energy and cellular organisation is called as assimilation.

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