The biology of Alzheimer’s – and what we might do to cure it | Lou Reese | Big Think

The biology of Alzheimer’s – and what we might do to cure it
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Alzheimer's kills about 83,000 people a year and over 5 million people are afflicted with it.
Lou Reese, the co-founder of start-up United Neuroscience, thinks that there's a cure on the horizon.
Could it be prevented with a simple vaccine?
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LOU REESE:

Lou Reese is a co-founder and a member of United Neuroscience's Board of Directors. He currently serves as C_O of United Neuroscience. Lou co-founded an investment and advisory firm with active investments in real estate, energy, hospitality, and life sciences. His investments focus on achieving global impact in critical important areas through innovative models and approaches. He received his B.A. from the University of Pennsylvania and attended Columbia Business School.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TRANSCRIPT:

LOU REESE: Why do people get Alzheimer’s? How do you differentiate amongst the different types, and what’s really going on?

With imaging now we can see the accumulation of certain toxic proteins in people’s brains. There is general consensus that there are a number of these that are implicated in the disease. A-beta (or Beta-Amyloid), tau, alpha synuclein, and others. I would say those are the three primary culprits.

Now there are people that argue that it’s all microbiome based, and there are people that argue that it’s 100 percent diet and exercise-based, unrelated to the microbiome. And there are people that have a whole variety of approaches to this, none of which I believe are accredited or discredited in a conclusive way.

That’s one of the main reasons why I focus on this ecosystem and this village that it takes to solve these problems. I don’t think this is a silver bullet disease. I think this is a finding out and unveiling and uncovering the different pieces that define it.

And just very recently we couldn’t image for A-beta or beta amyloid, so there was no way to know that. Very recently we couldn’t – there are new serum based biomarkers that are coming along to measure tau levels that are really, really interesting. All of this gives us insight into the accumulation and the timing of the accumulation of these toxic proteins.

So I don’t know, the one, two, three biological assessment, this is the analogy that I always use: Imagine you go into a sports bar and there’s a little guy with glasses and he walks up to the biggest guy in that place and the guy is just all steroided up and he’s got veins popping out of his neck. And he walks up to the guy (and he doesn’t know him) and he just pokes him right in the chest. There’s going to be a cascade of events caused by that poke. Maybe he’ll get his jaw broken. Maybe he’ll have some ribs cracked. Maybe he’ll be thrown out of a window. Maybe the cops will come. Maybe they’ll have to write up a police report. Maybe they’ll have to go to a court case after that. All these things could happen. Now depending on where you saw that fight, what started it? You would have no idea. And all of your assessments, all your assumptions would be wrong if you didn’t see that guy unprovoked poke that person in the chest. So where is the poke with Alzheimer’s? There’s a lot of debate around that. But where that cascade of events occurs there’s becoming more clarity around that. So I hope that’s helpful. If you look a it from a disease progression state these toxic proteins are building up in your brain 10, 15, 20 years before you have any symptoms.

So this is something that is laying there in a lot of us and just waiting for its chance to jump up. And so knowing that and having seen that in lots and lots of people—there’s a lot of studies that walk through this but the general thought is that you have the beta amyloid levels rising. Thereafter you have the tau levels rising. Thereafter, and consequence and in concert with the tau level rising there’s some correlation with the actual cognitive impairment. Now that doesn’t mean that that’s the biology of Alzheimer’s conclusively. That means that this is an evolving story and this ties back into this village and ecosystem.

The reason I’m so excited is because we actually have answers to some of these questions now. So at least we know that these are toxic or mis-folded or in some way non-advantageous proteins. So we’re starting to understand that and being able to see it and track its growth, intervene earlier. All of those things are really compelling.

So the goal is to create endobodies...

[AlvaroCosta]

I have an 83 years old Aunt with a serious case of Alzheimer and a granduncle 93 years old with a even worse case.
I learned about taking coconut oil could help them. I told it to my cousins and they starting giving them coconut oil and in 3 weeks they noticed amazing changes with them. Both are not related and are from different sides of my family.
My aunt remembers who is everyone in the family, tell us old things and are again a family active member. My granduncle, is getting out of bed, walking through the farm, and remembering quite a lot of its live. They take 2 to 3 soup spoons of coconut oil a day and we all are very thankful to it.

[Canucksway]

The truth about memory & forgetting
Alzheimer's cause & symptoms
- You need sleep
- Eat a healthy diet
- Exercise, even a little bit
- Reduce stress levels
- Always learn new things

[blue_tetris]

I like how he discusses the shapes of the proteins and cell bodies in the brain. The biology involved in many brain diseases is more mechanical than chemical; these diseases develop based on how proteins fold, connect, and link the uniquely-shaped cells in the brain. In the future, maybe nanosurgery can reverse the effects of the things we cannot yet prevent, like the aggregation of Lewy bodies.

[ateachingmoment]

Bad example with the bar fight. Thank you for the opportunity to teach you. 😁

[jrocket]

Thank you Lou Reese, very glad to have watched this. I'm a funeral director & sadly i see the 'pre' result & then i handle 'the end'. Prevention is key.

[GamersBar]

A close loved one had Alzheimer's relatively young, let's just say you never want to see someone you care about go down that road

[alfstewart]

I regularly cover myself in crunchy peanut butter and guess what? I haven't displayed a single sign of Alzheimer's.

[antoniokiko]

There are sure convincing hypotheses trying to explain AD that have emerged recently, especially the ones focused on Amyloid-beta aggregation. But the far more convincing discussion more than this video are the findings that the toxic effects and phenotypes have already emerged, observed and quantified even long before the Ab aggregation phenomenon. This is an excellent groundwork for study that there must be a cascade of biochemical and molecular events that are taking place that should explain such events. You might want to look at oxidative and protein stress, lysosomal dysfunction, ER stress response, Hsp's and autophagic pathways, etc. if you want to know more at these hypotheses currently in the limelight.

[danilosaft]

Amazing development!
Are there any recent datasets that would enable me to contribute my skills in data science and A.I. to help analyse the disease?

[JMS]

Alzheimer's disease is one of the things that completely confounds scientists. They think it might be related to diabetes, heart disease, or high cholesterol. We know that there physical changes, and that amyloid plaque and tau accumulate. But we dont know why removing plaque doesnt necessarily treat the disease.

[OrganicGreens]

I feel like Alzheimer's has a lot more to do with sleep then we know about.

[johnbouttell]

Amyloid beta (Aβ or Abeta) denotes peptides of 36–43 amino acids that are crucially involved in Alzheimer's disease as the main component of the amyloid plaques found in the brains of Alzheimer patients.

[gorioecho]

how do we 'cleanse' the brain of these toxic proteins before they have adverse effects on our lives? are there 'proactive' measures that can be implemented at earlier stages?

[VictorrrR]

What about the protective role of plaques in the discussion?

[wadewilson]

Eddie Money still looks young and changed his name to Lou Reese!

[TheTwitch]

Who would've guessed that the dude from Leverage knew so much about Alzheimers

[CJayin]

Wasn’t this guy on joe rogan? He looks familiar

[thstroyur]

This may be just hinted in this and a previous vid, but I don't think the notion that the amyloid plaques are the _cause_ of Alzheimer's has a really strong case - IMHO, this is like looking at a gun that was just fired to kill someone and concluding the smoke coming outta the barrel was the causa mortis

[Wagmiman]

That steroid guy thing was the worst example I’ve ever heard wtf

[Furiends]

Unless big pharma gets it and they'll charge $400 a pop.