Making Bromine

In this video I discuss and make some of the beautiful but very dangerous chemical bromine.
Bromine is one of only two elements that is a liquid at STP, and behaves much like chlorine sharing many of the same hazards. I plan to use this chemical in the future for a variety of projects that I'll likely link here when they come out.

PLEASE READ: I do not recommend anyone but trained professionals attempt this process due to several significant hazards associated with the synthesis of this element. Bromine is as lethal as chlorine, except due to its much greater density it is capable of much more easily reaching high concentrations in air. It also sinks due to its very high density and can accumulate in low areas.
Bromine can only be safely stored in ampules, under strong reducing agents, and OUTSIDE.

Post-Release Notes:
1. I think I hate the little formation mechanism I drew now even more than I hated it when I drew it. That said, don't take that mechanism as an absolute representation of how the reaction happens. It was mostly meant to illustrate generally how one peroxide molecule could oxidize two HBr molecules.

2. The final product still contains an appreciable volume of sulfuric acid due to the drying process. Based on solubility data I could find it should be less than 1mL, which is fine for my purposes but if you'd need 100% pure bromine another distillation is necessary.

#chemistry #science #hydrogen #gas #elements #fire #chemical #industury #color

[Relatablename]

Bromine drizzled over schnitzel goes so hard

[nilamotk]

Hold the open end of the test tube in a drill gently. Run the drill slowly. Hold the torch in 1 spot near the chuck and let the weight of the test tube body stretch the ampule. You will be left with near perfect ampules.

[Uncharted_Escapes]

Always a good day when Apoptosis posts a chemistry video!

[ssmith]

you can use sand in your heating element to take care of the size mismatch to get more even heat distribution

[Samonie]

i've personally had great success storing bromine at -20C inside a simple amber glass jar placed inside a jam jar surrounded by a bit of thiosulphate. it's stored in a dedicated freezer for chemistry and from measurements I did I've only lost about 200mg's of bromine over the course of 3 years.

[mattheide]

My favorite class in highschool was chemistry and Mr. Anderson loved to demonstrate reactions under the Vent hood😊 Thank you for the video ❤

[Stefan]

3:45 It also works with MnO2 as a cheap and easily obtainable, relatively mild oxydizing agent. In many countries, KMnO4 and H202 in a higher concentration than 12 % are no more legally available. K2Cr2O7 as a highly toxic CMR-substance and KBr03 as a carcinogen and Chlorates are totally out of reach. Despite Chlorine is used for the production of Bromine in a technical scale, it has another downside for "home-grown" Bromine: It is probably physically soluble into Bromine (without the formation of ClBr), which leads to a chlorine-contaminated Bromine.

[CassidyGentry-lqqf]

This is so amazing!! Thank you for your hard work and dedication 🤩

[demandred]

"Today I thought it would be a good idea, to get added to another -list- for watching a cool video".. lolol

[andrews.]

Yayyy bro finally participated in a bromine vid

[lucazsy]

If bromine is your second favorite element, what's the first? Would you make an element tier's list?

[ChemicalEuphoria]

i used manganese dioxide instead of hydrogen peroxide, and it works like a charm!

[Psychx_]

You can also use Bromine to titrate the amount of unsaturated fatty acids in vegetable oil.

[experimental_chemistry]

A quite safe and easy to handle methode to make small amounts of bromine water on demand is to mix and acidify separately prepared and stored solutions of bromide and bromate in a stoichiometric ratio: bromine in aqueous solution is formed then by a comproportionation reaction.

[jerrysanchez]

This might have the highest yield I've seen for a bromine synthesis

[experimental_chemistry]

My favorite method is just using cheap but fresh sodium persulfate in access, mixed with bromide and water, so not even sulfuric acid is needed. The yield is very high and the bromine quite pure (accept for a little water).
Acid dryed bromine contains significant amounts of sulfuric acid and has to be redistilled before ampouled.
Borosilicate ampoules can only be sealed tightly with an acetylene torch.
With propane commercial ampoules made from lime-soda glass should be used instead.
Bromine water has to be stored in brownglass bottles with a ptfe sealed lid put into a second container with a little thiosulfate solution. Its shelf life isn't longer than a year.
To neutralize bromine I recommend an slighly alkaline solution of sulfite (must be prepared freshly because it's not storable).

[DangerousLab]

It is so interesting to see pee pads in every video, even against bromine it still works very well!
Btw, it seems to be quite dangerous to use pee pads to contain any flaming reaction.

[morescodesup]

The coolest substance for a darklord’s moat.

[larsschneider]

Do you think, that the reaction would be almost as efficient or doable as yours, if there was a 12% H2O2 solution used?

[Psychx_]

Are the test tubes you use for ampule making also made out of borosilicate or just regular glass?