Vitmin K | Function of vitamin K | source of vitamin K | Vitamin k cycle| Deficiency of vitamin k

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#functions of vitamin k
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Vitamin K function:

Formation of γ-carboxyglutamate: Vitamin K is required in the hepatic synthesis
of the blood clotting proteins, prothrombin (factor II) and factors VII, IX, and X. Formation of the functional clotting factors requires the vitamin
K–dependent carboxylation of several glutamic acid residues to γ-carboxyglutamate
(Gla) residues . The carboxylation reaction requires γ-glutamyl
carboxylase, O2, CO2, and the hydroquinone form of vitamin K (which gets oxidized
to the epoxide form). The formation of Gla residues is sensitive to inhibition by
warfarin, a synthetic analog of vitamin K that inhibits vitamin K epoxide reductase
(VKOR), the enzyme required to regengerate the functional hydroquinone form of
vitamin K.

sources of vitamin k:
Vitamin K is found in cabbage, kale, spinach, egg yolk, and liver. There is also
extensive synthesis of the vitamin by the bacteria in the gut.

RDA of vitamin K:
The adequate intake for
vitamin K is 120 mg/day for adult males and 90 mg for adult females.

Deficiency of vitamin k:
Newborns have sterile intestines and,
so, initially lack the bacteria that synthesize vitamin K. Because human milk provides
only about one fifth of the daily requirement for vitamin K, it is recommended that
all newborns receive a single intramuscular dose of vitamin K as prophylaxis against
hemorrhagic disease.

Toxicity of vitamin K:

Prolonged administration of large doses of synthetic vitamin K (menadione) can
produce hemolytic anemia and jaundice in the infant, due to toxic effects on the
membrane of RBCs. Therefore, it is no longer used to treat vitamin K deficiency. No UL
has been set for vitamin K.

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