TCP vs UDP Comparison | Cisco CCNA 200-301

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The two primary protocols at the transport layer are TCP and UDP.

A network application has to choose how to send its data. That choice comes down to reliable or unreliable transmission.

Both reliable and unreliable have their benefits and drawbacks.

TCP (Transmission control protocol) is the most widely chosen option for transmitting data. This is because it can reliably send and receive data.

The way TCP can provide such stable and reliable connections is in three ways.

1. Acknowledgements
2. Sequencing
3. Checksum

But, before any of that can happen, first we need to start a reliable connection.
TCP does this by using what's called a three-way handshake.

1. SYN
2. SYN-ACK
3. ACK

Now we have an open TCP connection. A similar process will be followed when closing this connection as well.

UDP (User Datagram Protocol) has none of the error handling, sequencing or reliability of TCP.

You can think of UDP as a kind of machine gun of data. Just firing and firing not caring if data is lost or not.

While TCP offers great connection and reliability, it comes at a price or resource and latency.

Where UDP is very useful is in a situation when we need live, real-time connections. For example, voice calls, video calls, and gaming all need fast real-time connections.

That’s it for the TCP and UDP, two ways to send data, for two different purposes.

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