Crisper Cas9 Gene (DNA) editing System

CRISPR-Cas9 is a revolutionary gene editing technology that acts like a precise pair of molecular scissors for DNA. Here's a short explanation:
How it works:
* Guide RNA (gRNA): A short, synthetic RNA molecule is designed to be complementary to a specific target DNA sequence you want to edit. It acts like a "homing device," guiding the Cas9 enzyme to the correct location in the genome.
* Cas9 Enzyme: This is a bacterial enzyme (a nuclease) that can cut DNA. It travels along the DNA until it encounters the sequence that matches the gRNA.
* Target Recognition: The gRNA binds to the complementary DNA sequence, telling Cas9 where to make the cut.
* Double-Strand Break (DSB): Once the gRNA guides it to the target, Cas9 creates a precise double-strand break in the DNA.
* Cellular Repair: The cell's natural DNA repair mechanisms kick in to fix this break. There are two main pathways:
* Non-homologous End Joining (NHEJ): This often leads to small insertions or deletions (indels) at the break site, which can disrupt a gene.
* Homologous Recombination (HR): If a donor DNA template with the desired change is provided, the cell can use it to repair the break, precisely inserting the new genetic information.
In short, CRISPR-Cas9 allows scientists to precisely target and cut specific DNA sequences in a genome, enabling them to delete, insert, or modify genes with relative ease and efficiency. This has vast implications for research and potential therapeutic applications.

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