Polyatomic Ions explained: Origin of Charge + Drawing Polyatomic Ion Lewis Dot Structures Tutorial

Crash course on using dot structures to illustrate why polyatomic ions acquire charge as well as understanding how to use charge when drawing Lewis dot structures of polyatomic ions

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—More on Lewis Dot Structures | Wiki—
"Lewis structures (also known as Lewis dot diagrams, Lewis dot formulas, Lewis dot structures, and electron dot structures) are diagrams that show the bonding between atoms of a molecule and the lone pairs of electrons that may exist in the molecule.[1][2][3] A Lewis structure can be drawn for any covalently bonded molecule, as well as coordination compounds. The Lewis structure was named after Gilbert N. Lewis, who introduced it in his 1916 article The Atom and the Molecule.[4] Lewis structures extend the concept of the electron dot diagram by adding lines between atoms to represent shared pairs in a chemical bond.

Lewis structures show each atom and its position in the structure of the molecule using its chemical symbol. Lines are drawn between atoms that are bonded to one another (pairs of dots can be used instead of lines). Excess electrons that form lone pairs are represented as pairs of dots, and are placed next to the atoms.

Although main group elements of the second period and beyond usually react by gaining, losing, or sharing electrons until they have achieved a valence shell electron configuration with a full octet of (8) electrons, other elements obey different rules. Hydrogen (H) can only form bonds which share just two electrons, while transition metals often conform to a duodectet (12)[5] rule (e.g., compounds such as the permanganate ion)."

Wikipedia contributors. "Lewis structure." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 8 Jun. 2016. Web. 2 Jul. 2016.

—More on Polyatomic Ions | Wiki—
"A polyatomic ion, also known as a molecular ion, is a charged chemical species (ion) composed of two or more atoms covalently bonded or of a metal complex that can be considered to be acting as a single unit. The prefix poly- means "many," in Greek, but even ions of two atoms are commonly referred to as polyatomic. In older literature, a polyatomic ion is also referred to as a radical, and less commonly, as a radical group. In contemporary usage, the term radical refers to free radicals that are (not necessarily charged) species with an unpaired electron.

An example of a polyatomic ion is the hydroxide ion; consisting of one oxygen atom and one hydrogen atom, hydroxide has a charge of −1. Its chemical formula is OH−. An ammonium ion is made up of one nitrogen atom and four hydrogen atoms: it has a charge of +1, and its chemical formula is NH+
4.

Polyatomic ions are often useful in the context of acid-base chemistry or in the formation of salts. A polyatomic ion can often be considered as the conjugate acid/base of a neutral molecule. For example, the conjugate base of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) is the polyatomic hydrogen sulfate anion (HSO−
4). The removal of another hydrogen ion yields the sulfate anion (SO2−
4).

Wikipedia contributors. "Polyatomic ion." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 10 Jun. 2016. Web. 2 Jul. 2016.

[manmeetsingh]

Sir I am so thankful of this video, it animated hoe polyatomic ions are covalently bonded. Moreover this video tells the way of finding valency.

[SudhirKumar-eniw]

Sir this video is very helpful. I was having so many doubts that how these Polyatomic ions are How they are different from And many more. But after watching your video all my doubts are clear.
Thank you so much sir for this much effort.

[Hasan-teo]

you do not know how much my understanding was twisted, more than barbed wire; but this made everything crystal clear. thanks sooo much ❤❤❤❤❤❤❤

[Foody-jz]

thank you so much, i have never seen such explanation about polyatomic ions

[sahilsea]

Great but from where that one extra electron in OH came from ?

[xjoelthomas]

In the examples you used, where would the last electrons come from. Would they just appear out of nowhere?

[tranquilious]

I have a question. In my textbook it says that many polyatomic ions are formed by the loss of hydrogen ions from oxyacids. For example nitric acid which is HNO3, in water it dissociates into H+ and NO3-
Is this case? Are there more than one process in forming polyatomic ions? And how’s this different from what you mentioned in the video?

[abod]

in the clorite ion, why notboth Oxygens share tow pairs? and the one elecfron goes to Cl?

[mridulpandey]

how does a negative charge come on cyanideplz expain sir

[pigivofpigland]

The best video I've watched so far about to issue, thank you so much sir!
As I read in the comments section, you said those extra electrons are gained during reactions and from other atoms/molecules willing to give/take electrons
Does that mean, the only way to make these molecules to exist is to separate them compounds? and they do not exist in the nature all alone?
For instance can we say that, for a SO4 to form one possible way is to dissolve H2SO4?

Also 1:59 why is the Oxygen on the left and said is with 3 pairs instead of 2 pairs and 2 single electrons?

[supersamsquared]

Where does the additional electron come from?

[ernstjunger]

I have a question about the extra electron. If the polyatomic ion does gain an extra electron or however many, wouldn't it become negatively charged and the other element positively charged, and they attract? If so, would the element that gives the polyatomic ion its extra electrons be bound to it, and the new ionic compound formed be completely based on the element which gave the electrons to the polyatomic? For ex, a polyatomic CO3 gaining 2 electrons from Calcium, then CO3 has a 2- and Ca has a 2+, then it would be CaCO3. So that Calcium, the element which gave the electrons, dictates the outcome.

[adosar]

how polyatomic ions are formed?i mean in CO3-, why we dont have CO2 (how this bounch of 3O AND 1C came together) ?also can polyatomic ions found free in nature? thx in advandace

[Midnightseer]

I have a question, why did that chlorine atom go for two oxygen atoms and not one oxygen atom
it would've still gotten 1- charge right?

[blinkypie]

In the chlorite ion, the right hand side oxygen atom has 7 e - but in order to complete it's octet we add one more e-, MY DOUBT is where is that e- coming from out of nowhere in it's surrounding atom???

[Jaaz]

But the question is where do the electrons come from? the extra ones