USSR established

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On December 30, 1922, post-revolutionary Russia witnessed the formation of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), a communist state succeeding the Russian Empire. This alliance comprised Russia, Belorussia, Ukraine, and the Transcaucasian Federation, later divided into the Georgian, Azerbaijan, and Armenian republics. The USSR was the world's first nation founded on Marxist socialism.

Amid the Russian Revolution of 1917 and the subsequent three-year Russian Civil War, the Bolshevik Party, led by Vladimir Lenin, gained dominance over the soviet forces advocating for a socialist state in the former Russian Empire. The Communist Party controlled all governmental tiers, with its politburo, under an increasingly influential general secretary, effectively governing the country. State ownership managed Soviet industry, while agricultural lands were organized into state-run collective farms.

Over the ensuing decades, the Soviet Union, initially Russia-centric, expanded to include 15 republics, becoming a dominant global power. It encompassed territories such as Ukraine, Georgia, Belorussia, Uzbekistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia. In 1991, following the collapse of its communist regime, the Soviet Union dissolved, marking the end of its existence as a unified entity.

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