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The Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-25 fastest Russian Foxbat fighter still in service first took off in 1964
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The MiG-25. Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-25.
The fastest fighter still in service today is the Soviet-built MiG-25. Mikoyan designed this fighter to be a pure interceptor aircraft.
As a result, the Foxbat can sustain a cruising speed of Mach 2.8 and kick it into overdrive with a top speed of 3.2 — not a bad technology for an aircraft that first took off in 1964.
The Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-25 (Russian: Микоян и Гуревич МиГ-25; NATO reporting name: Foxbat) is a supersonic interceptor and reconnaissance aircraft that was among the fastest military aircraft to enter service. It was designed by the Soviet Union's Mikoyan-Gurevich bureau and is one of the few combat aircraft built primarily using stainless steel. It was the last plane designed by Mikhail Gurevich before his retirement.[2]
The first prototype flew in 1964, and the aircraft entered service in 1970. It has an operational top speed of Mach 2.83 (Mach 3.2 is possible but at risk of significant damage to the engines) and features a powerful radar and four air-to-air missiles. When first seen in reconnaissance photography, the large wing suggested an enormous and highly maneuverable fighter, at a time when U.S. design theories were also evolving towards higher maneuverability due to combat performance in the Vietnam War. The appearance of the MiG-25 sparked serious concern in the West and prompted dramatic increases in performance for the McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle then under development in the late 1960s. The capabilities of the MiG-25 were better understood by the west in 1976 when Soviet pilot Viktor Belenko defected in a MiG-25 to the United States via Japan. It turned out that the aircraft's weight necessitated its large wings.
Production of the MiG-25 series ended in 1984 after completion of 1,186 aircraft. A symbol of the Cold War, the MiG-25 flew with Soviet allies and former Soviet republics, remaining in limited service in several export customers. It is one of the highest-flying military aircraft,[3] one of the fastest serially produced interceptor aircraft,[4] and the second-fastest serially produced aircraft after the SR-71 reconnaissance aircraft that was built in very small series compared to the MiG-25.[5] As of 2018, the MiG-25 remains the fastest manned serially produced aircraft in operational use and the fastest plane that was offered for supersonic flights and edge-of-space flights to civilian customers.[6][5]
During the Cold War, Soviet Air Defence Forces, PVO (not to be confused with Soviet Air Force, VVS) was given the task of strategic air defence of the USSR. In the decades after World War II, this meant not only dealing with accidental border violations, but more importantly defending the vast airspace of the USSR against US reconnaissance aircraft and strategic bombers carrying free-fall nuclear bombs. The performance of these types of aircraft was steadily improved. Overflights by the very high altitude American Lockheed U-2 in the late 1950s revealed a need for higher altitude interceptor aircraft than currently available.[7]
The subsonic Boeing B-47 Stratojet and Boeing B-52 Stratofortress strategic bombers were followed by the Mach 2 Convair B-58 Hustler, with the Mach 3 North American B-70 Valkyrie on the drawing board at that time. A major upgrade in the PVO defence system was required,[8] and, at the start of 1958, a requirement was issued for manned interceptors capable of reaching 3,000 km/h (1,864 mph) and heights of up to 27 km (88,583 ft). Mikoyan and Sukhoi responded.[9]
Specifications (MiG-25P).
General characteristics
Crew: 1
Length: 23.82 m (78 ft 2 in)
Wingspan: 14.01 m (46 ft 0 in)
Height: 6.1 m (20 ft 0 in)
Wing area: 61.4 m2 (661 sq ft)
Airfoil: TsAGI SR-12S[102]
Empty weight: 20,000 kg (44,092 lb)
Gross weight: 36,720 kg (80,954 lb)
Powerplant: 2 × Tumansky R-15B-300 afterburning turbojet engines, 73.5 kN (16,500 lbf) thrust each dry, 100.1 kN (22,500 lbf) with afterburner
Performance
Maximum speed: 3,000 km/h (1,900 mph, 1,600 kn) / Mach 2.83 at high altitude[103]
1,100 km/h (680 mph; 590 kn) IAS at low altitude[103][99][12]
Range: 1,860 km (1,160 mi, 1,000 nmi) at Mach 0.9
1,630 km (1,013 mi) at Mach 2.35[104]
Ferry range: 2,575 km (1,600 mi, 1,390 nmi)
Service ceiling: 20,700 m (67,900 ft) with four missiles
24,000 m (78,740 ft) with two)[105]
g limits: +4.5
Rate of climb: 208 m/s (40,900 ft/min)
Time to altitude: 20,000 m (65,617 ft) in 8 minutes 54 seconds
Wing loading: 598 kg/m2 (122 lb/sq ft)
Thrust/weight: 0.41
Armament
Missiles:
4 × R-40RD/TD air-to-air missiles
2 × R-23 AAMs
4 × R-60 AAMs
4 × R-73A AAMs
The fastest fighter still in service today is the Soviet-built MiG-25. Mikoyan designed this fighter to be a pure interceptor aircraft.
As a result, the Foxbat can sustain a cruising speed of Mach 2.8 and kick it into overdrive with a top speed of 3.2 — not a bad technology for an aircraft that first took off in 1964.
The Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-25 (Russian: Микоян и Гуревич МиГ-25; NATO reporting name: Foxbat) is a supersonic interceptor and reconnaissance aircraft that was among the fastest military aircraft to enter service. It was designed by the Soviet Union's Mikoyan-Gurevich bureau and is one of the few combat aircraft built primarily using stainless steel. It was the last plane designed by Mikhail Gurevich before his retirement.[2]
The first prototype flew in 1964, and the aircraft entered service in 1970. It has an operational top speed of Mach 2.83 (Mach 3.2 is possible but at risk of significant damage to the engines) and features a powerful radar and four air-to-air missiles. When first seen in reconnaissance photography, the large wing suggested an enormous and highly maneuverable fighter, at a time when U.S. design theories were also evolving towards higher maneuverability due to combat performance in the Vietnam War. The appearance of the MiG-25 sparked serious concern in the West and prompted dramatic increases in performance for the McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle then under development in the late 1960s. The capabilities of the MiG-25 were better understood by the west in 1976 when Soviet pilot Viktor Belenko defected in a MiG-25 to the United States via Japan. It turned out that the aircraft's weight necessitated its large wings.
Production of the MiG-25 series ended in 1984 after completion of 1,186 aircraft. A symbol of the Cold War, the MiG-25 flew with Soviet allies and former Soviet republics, remaining in limited service in several export customers. It is one of the highest-flying military aircraft,[3] one of the fastest serially produced interceptor aircraft,[4] and the second-fastest serially produced aircraft after the SR-71 reconnaissance aircraft that was built in very small series compared to the MiG-25.[5] As of 2018, the MiG-25 remains the fastest manned serially produced aircraft in operational use and the fastest plane that was offered for supersonic flights and edge-of-space flights to civilian customers.[6][5]
During the Cold War, Soviet Air Defence Forces, PVO (not to be confused with Soviet Air Force, VVS) was given the task of strategic air defence of the USSR. In the decades after World War II, this meant not only dealing with accidental border violations, but more importantly defending the vast airspace of the USSR against US reconnaissance aircraft and strategic bombers carrying free-fall nuclear bombs. The performance of these types of aircraft was steadily improved. Overflights by the very high altitude American Lockheed U-2 in the late 1950s revealed a need for higher altitude interceptor aircraft than currently available.[7]
The subsonic Boeing B-47 Stratojet and Boeing B-52 Stratofortress strategic bombers were followed by the Mach 2 Convair B-58 Hustler, with the Mach 3 North American B-70 Valkyrie on the drawing board at that time. A major upgrade in the PVO defence system was required,[8] and, at the start of 1958, a requirement was issued for manned interceptors capable of reaching 3,000 km/h (1,864 mph) and heights of up to 27 km (88,583 ft). Mikoyan and Sukhoi responded.[9]
Specifications (MiG-25P).
General characteristics
Crew: 1
Length: 23.82 m (78 ft 2 in)
Wingspan: 14.01 m (46 ft 0 in)
Height: 6.1 m (20 ft 0 in)
Wing area: 61.4 m2 (661 sq ft)
Airfoil: TsAGI SR-12S[102]
Empty weight: 20,000 kg (44,092 lb)
Gross weight: 36,720 kg (80,954 lb)
Powerplant: 2 × Tumansky R-15B-300 afterburning turbojet engines, 73.5 kN (16,500 lbf) thrust each dry, 100.1 kN (22,500 lbf) with afterburner
Performance
Maximum speed: 3,000 km/h (1,900 mph, 1,600 kn) / Mach 2.83 at high altitude[103]
1,100 km/h (680 mph; 590 kn) IAS at low altitude[103][99][12]
Range: 1,860 km (1,160 mi, 1,000 nmi) at Mach 0.9
1,630 km (1,013 mi) at Mach 2.35[104]
Ferry range: 2,575 km (1,600 mi, 1,390 nmi)
Service ceiling: 20,700 m (67,900 ft) with four missiles
24,000 m (78,740 ft) with two)[105]
g limits: +4.5
Rate of climb: 208 m/s (40,900 ft/min)
Time to altitude: 20,000 m (65,617 ft) in 8 minutes 54 seconds
Wing loading: 598 kg/m2 (122 lb/sq ft)
Thrust/weight: 0.41
Armament
Missiles:
4 × R-40RD/TD air-to-air missiles
2 × R-23 AAMs
4 × R-60 AAMs
4 × R-73A AAMs
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