Academic Vocabulary for Essays & IELTS Writing: 15 cause and effect POWER VERBS

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TRANSCRIPT

Hey, everyone. I'm Alex. Thanks for clicking, and welcome to this lesson on cause and effect verbs. So, this is an academic writing lesson. In this lesson, you will learn some advanced vocabulary, specifically verbs, that you can use in your high school or university essays; or if you are an English student who is taking the IELTS or the TOEFL, you can use these verbs to really level up your writing in your writing tasks on those tests. Okay? Now, if you are a writer of another sort; if you are an essayist, a fiction writer, a non-fiction writer, or you want to be a writer in the future - it never hurts to have more vocabulary, to have more power verbs in your arsenal. So, what we're going to do today is improve your vocabulary for your writing and really make your writing that much stronger. So, I'm going to put this down, and let's start looking at some verbs.

Specifically, we are going to look at some effect verbs first. So, when you think of "effect", you think of the result of something. So, we have the verbs: "cause", "produce"; and we have verb phrases, like: "lead to", "result in"; and we have: "create", "bring about", "give rise to", and "be responsible for". So, these are all formal verbs, and these will definitely formalize your writing; specifically your essays. So, for example: "cause" - very direct. Right? So: "The 2008 financial crisis caused several problems for multinational banks." So, this crisis caused these things to happen. All right?

Let's continue with: "produce". Okay? So, to produce, create, cause. "The medication did not produce the desired effect." So, the medication was supposed to numb the pain, but it didn't do this. It didn't produce the desired effect. So, again, "to produce", think of it in the same family of words as: "cause", "produce", and "create", which we'll see a little bit later on.

Next we have: "lead to". So, if something leads to something else, this means that it causes the next step to happen. So, the next step is the effect. So, for example: "Several international incidents led to World War II." So, we're talking about international events, international incidents that led to - gave the cause for World War II. So, if something leads to something else, you know, you do this thing which causes this thing, so the effect is here. One thing leads to or causes another thing.

"Result in" - very straightforward, I think. So, "result in": "The earthquake resulted in thousands of deaths." The effect of the earthquake; the result of the earthquake. So: "The earthquake resulted in thousands of deaths." Later we'll look at "a result of", so that will be for cause; but for effect, you can say: "result in". What was the result? It resulted in blank; in something.

"Create". I think everyone is familiar with the verb "create". If you're not, here we go. "The increasing rate of crime is creating numerous issues", numerous problems. So, it's making problems, creating problems, causing problems. So, the effect is that there are numerous problems now because of this.

"Bring about". So, if something brings about something else, it kind of brings it-right?-into effect. So: "The new regime"-the new political party, the new political regime-"brought about stricter laws". So, imagine there was an election and there is a new political regime, and with them they are bringing new laws, so they brought about new laws; they caused new laws to happen. The effect of the political regime are these stricter laws. Okay?

Next: "give rise to". If something gives rise to something else, it means that the initial cause creates the conditions necessary for the effect to happen. Okay? Got that? Okay, let's look at the example. So: "The election result gave rise to public protests." So, we have the election result, and: Uh-oh, now the condition is instability in the public because maybe the public is not happy with the results of the election. […]

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