Python Trick: Using dataclasses.field for Default Values and Factory Functions

The dataclasses module provides the field function, which allows you to specify default values and factory functions for fields in a data class. This can be especially useful for fields that need to be initialized with a mutable default value.

How It Works:
- The field function with default_factory is used to specify a factory function (list in this case) that initializes the members field with an empty list.
- This ensures that each instance of Team gets its own separate list for members.

Why It's Cool:
- Default Values: Allows you to set default values for fields in a data class.
- Factory Functions: Enables the use of factory functions to create default values, which is particularly useful for mutable types like lists and dictionaries.
- Clarity: Makes it clear which fields have default values and how they are initialized.

This trick is particularly useful for initializing fields with mutable default values and ensuring each instance gets its own unique default value.

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