Python Trick: Using dataclasses for Immutable Data Structures

The dataclasses module in Python allows you to create simple classes for storing data. By using the frozen=True parameter, you can make these classes immutable, similar to namedtuples but with more flexibility and features.

How It Works:
- The @dataclass(frozen=True) decorator creates an immutable data class.
- Fields defined in the class cannot be modified after instance creation.
- Immutable instances are hashable and can be used in sets or as dictionary keys.

Why It's Cool:
- Immutability: Ensures that instances cannot be modified, which can prevent bugs and make the code more predictable.
- Flexibility: Provides more features and flexibility compared to namedtuples.
- Hashable: Immutable objects are hashable, making them suitable for use in sets and as dictionary keys.

This trick is particularly useful for scenarios where you need to ensure that data structures remain constant after creation, such as in functional programming or when working with sensitive data.

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