Empires: Administration [AP World History Review] Unit 3, Topic 2

Показать описание

AP HEIMLER REVIEW GUIDE (formerly known as the Ultimate Review Packet):

Tiktok: @steveheimler
Instagram: @heimlers_history

In this video Heimler explains how the land-based empires in the period 1450-1750 consolidated and legitimized their power. As rulers began to centralize their power, they needed ways to exercise their will and convince their people that they were in charge.

Almost all of the empires during this time (Ottoman Empire, Mughal Empire, Qing Dynasty, Tokugawa Shogunate, etc.) established extensive bureaucracies in order to carry out their will. One major function of these bureaucracies was collecting taxes. The Mughals did this through zamindars. The Ottomans had the devshirme system. And other empires similarly executed their wills.

This video corresponds to the AP World History curriculum: Unit 3, Topic 2.

If you have any questions, leave them below in the comments.

Рекомендации по теме

Комментарии

I swear you are an absolute legend. If it weren't for you I would probably be failing my AP world class but now I have a 96 percent :)

sneakoprjx

Video #2: Empire Administration

A. How did European regional kingdoms legitimize/consolidate power?
Doctrine of the Divine Right of Kings, Establishes of the Justices of Peace, absolutism.

1. Define Divine Right of Kings and its implications.
States that kings rule because the almighty put them into power. This means to challenge the king would be equivalent to challenging god. Because of this, kings frequently considered themselves outside of the law, justifying illegal and immoral actions as ''the will of god''.

2. Why did English kings send out "Justices of the Peace"?
Settle legal disputes and carried out the will of the monarch where the monarch couldn't reach.

3. France developed the concept of "absolutism". What powers were combined?
Puts absolute powers in the hands of one man, namely the king. Louie the 14th combined the power of both the legislative and the judicial in his own person.

B. How did Ottomans centralize their power?

1. Identify Devshirme.
Sultans would take in child slaves from tribute states and either make them serve in the military or turn them into administrators of the empire. Since Islam teaches that a Muslim couldn't enslave another Muslim these children were taken from southern European and Balkan areas. Although, they were kidnapped these children received a high education in philosophy, politics, and the arts; this training made them experienced and capable administrators.

2. Identify Jannisaries.
Jannisaries were boys trained to be an elite squad in the Ottoman army, similar to rangers in the American army. Through their education and through growing up under Ottoman reign these boys grew fiercely loyal to the sultan.

C. How did China centralize its power?

1. What was main goal of Ming dynasty?
The main goal of the Ming Dynasty was to erase every vestige of the Yuan dynasty/ Mongolian rule.

2. What two concepts did the Ming introduce to centralize power? *Make China great again* In order to centralize power, the Ming dynasty reintroduced the civil service exam and enhanced the bureaucracy.

D. How did Japan centralize power?

1. What land-owning aristocracy ruled feudal Japan?

The Daimyo were the landowning aristoracy.

2. Identify the samurai.

Warriors paid by the Daimyo to protect the land.

3. How did feudalism impact Japan?
Conflict between various Daimyo over territory left Japan fractured socially and politically.

4. What family reorganized (centralized) Japan by removing power from the daimyo?
The Tokugawa shogunate removed power from the Daimyo and transferred it to the hands of the Shogun. They required Daimyo to have a double residence, one on their land and the second on the capital city so the shogunate could keep an eye on them.

E. How did the Mughals centralize power in India (South Asia)?

1. Identify the Zamindars.
People who went out into all the places of his territory, collected taxes and carried out Akbars general will.

2. Who were the Zamindar similar to in England? *Remember, we are always making connections.
The Zamindars were similar to the justices of peace in England.

F. Powerful Rulers Legitimize Power

1. List the 3 ways to legitimize power.
Three ways to legitimize power are religion, art, and architecture.

2. List several examples.

Askia the great in Africa claimed Islam as the official religion of his empire. In doing so he created a sense of cultural continuity.
In India Shah Jahan commissioned the Taj Mahal as a tomb for his wife.
After the Ottomans conquered Constantinople and change its name to Istanbul they built magnificent mosques including the Suleymaniye.
Louis XIV constructed the palace of Versailles in France.

alyssamonaco

Thank you so much for the work you put in your videos! They honestly do help organize my thoughts, especially your DBQ and LEQ videos. I feel more confident in the material every time I watch these videos.

walterr

i'm convinced, you're in charge, i'm not.

skpjoecoursegold

Louis XIV was an absolute gamer he managed to get to 100 absolutism and unlocked the 5% discipline and 40% administrative efficiency

adamschwalbe

You're the teacher I never had to help for AP world. THank you. Years later after you posted these videos you see students come to watch you teach the material so well.

Therealplotski

Someone needs to send this man a fruit basket, he's saving thousand's of asses

kenyafoster

ceo of helping us review for the ap exam

karterelisabeth

The way you explained consolidating and legitimizing was so helpful! I have my exam in like 13 minutes

sophielin

I am having my students watch all your videos. I believe this is the most useful one of them all and they are all good!

jerryrussell

thank you for your videos!! though the textbook gave me the information, your videos really help me connect it all together and understand it. honestly you summarize the chapters perfectly 😁

nakand

Nothing like watching these at 9:00pm the night before finals

tori

Thank you so much for what you do! It is really helpful. Watching these videos before a unit test and now in preparation for the exam is helping me. Thanks to you, I have a 92% in APWH!

elizabethjupiter

my notes:

How did rulers consolidate power?
Europe
Doctrine of the Divine right of Kings
Ex: king James the 1st (England), believed that kings ruled bc God put them in power
To challenge the king is to challenge God
Kings consider themselves outside of the law
Justices of the Peace
Under Tudor dynasty (English), justices of the peace were sent out to counties of England, when they arrived settled legal disputes and would carry out will of monarch in places monarch would not go
Consolidation of power didnt go unchecked, in 1689 Parliament pass English Bill of Rights which gave ppl rights
Freedom to petition the king, protections from cruel and unusual punishment
Absolutism: monarchical system that puts absolute power into hands of one man (king)
In France,
Progression, Henry the 4th insisted on divine right (similar to king james)
Louis the 13th establish intendants (similar to justices of the peace) who were posted throughout France to execute will of the king and collect taxes (sometimes called tax farmers)
Louis the 14th (consolidate so much power, basically dictator)
Combined legislative and judicial systems in his own person
Seal his power by building place of Versailles and said French nobles have to live there
Ottomans
Devshirme: Ottoman sultans took enslaved ppl from the tribute states of their empire and then had them serve in the military or turn them into administrators
Since Islam teaches that muslim cannot enslave a muslim, took slaves from S. European and Balkan Christian pop. and they were mostly young boys (8-20 yrs old)
These boys got education (philosophy, politics, arts) which helped them be good administrators
Janissaries: enslaved boys trained to be in an elite squad in Ottoman army
The boys were v. loyal to sultan
Asia
China
Goal of Ming rulers: erase evidence of Mongolia rule (Yuan)
Reinforced civil service exam
Japan
Organized a lot like feudal Europe
Daimyo (land owning aristocracy) who employed clan of paid warriors to protect their land (samurai)
Before this time period lots of conflict between daimyos over territory (Japan fractured socially n politically)
Some daimyo became more powerful and gained more territory and unified more of Japan
Tokugawa Shogunate, under tokugawa ieyasu (former land owning aristocrat) gov. reorganized to remove power from daimyo and into hands of shogunate
Required daimyo to had double residence (one on land and second in Tokyo (capital) so shogun could keep an eye on them) similar to Louis the 14th
India
Akbar extend kingdom and efficient system to manage it
Zamindars: group of ppl to collect taxes and carry out his will
How did rulers legitimize power?
Religion, art, architecture
Laws work on wills, but above works on imagination
Songhai (Africa)
Askia claimed Islam as the official religion
India
Shah Jahan made Taj Mahal as a tomb for his wife
Ottomans
Conquer Constantinople (change name to Istanbul) built magnificent mosques (Suleymaiye mosque)
France
Louis 14 (palace of Versailles)

Sarah-hlnl

Thank you for saving all our whap grades from Texas. Subtle note as a kid in 汉语课 the Tang Dynasty (唐朝时代）is pronounced (t-ah-ng) and the Yuan Dynasty （元朝时代）is pronounced (you-en, or U.N.).

andrewfaulkner