EUROPEAN Exploration [AP World History Review] Unit 4 Topic 2

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In this video Heimler explains the motivations and causes for sea-based exploration (especially European) from 1450-1750. Essentially the age of exploration can be explained by three causes: gold, God, glory (and not necessarily in that order).

Because of the dominant economic system of Europe—mercantilism—states desired to gain more wealth in the form of gold and silver. Because Christianity was a missionary religion Europeans explored distant lands in order to make conversions. And finally, the pursuit of international glory meant claiming distant lands and ruling over large empires.

In this video we’ll look briefly at how the following states built their sea-based empires: Portugal, Spain, England, France, and the Netherlands.

If you have any questions, leave them in the comments below and Heimler will answer them forthwithly.

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Just Some Term Timestamps to help with me study
Bartholomew Dias 2:46
Vasco Da Gama 2:53
Fransicans 3:18
Jesuits 3:21
Tranding Post Empire 3:43
Ferdinand Magellan 4:12
Christopher Columbus 4:26
John Cabot 5:08
Jamestown 5:23
Quebec 5:49
Henry Hudson 6:06

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[megbaken]

My notes on this video:

States sponsored explorations for 3 reasons, gold, God, and glory
Gold: rooted in the economic system of mercantilism. Fixed amount of wealth measured in gold (new trading ports<wealth)

God: the majority of Europe was Christian, which is a missionary religion -> convert people from distant lands.

Glory: measured in large controlled empires ->claim lots of land-> competition between empires to claim land

Portugal: geography, only one was to expand into the sea.
Bartolomeu Dias sailed around the Southern tip of Africa. Vasco Da Gama went to India and claimed it as part of Portugal.
1514 Portuguese traders arrived in China ->Missionaries from Portugal came after. Franciscans wanted to convert the mass of Chinese people, and the Jesuits worked to convert the elite. (rejected s barbarians)
The Portuguese established the Trading Post Empire, claimed a small amount of land across the African coast and the Indian Ocean, and aimed to possess a complete monopoly of the spice trade and charge other ships passing through.

Spain: Ferdinand Magellan, the first to circumnavigate the globe (went west and then south around South America) Landed in the Philippines and set up a significant trading post that attracted Asian merchants. Christopher Columbus sought a new westward route to Asia and to look for gold and silver. Columbus began the conquest that led to contact with the Aztecs and Inca Empires which had a lot of Silver and Gold. This made it worth it to keep traveling.
Spain discovered that if they Enslaved native people and forced them into agriculture it increased wealth.

England: John Cabot, whose goal was to find a northwest passage to Asia, claimed all the land from Newfoundland to Chesapeake Bay.1607 first colony was established, called Jamestown.

French: couldn't find a northwest passage to Asia so they claimed Canada. Land was rich in natural resources so they no longer cared about finding Asia. Quebec did not establish permanent settlements like the English, instead, they used these territories as trading posts with the natives. -> Better relations w/ natives

The Dutch sent Henry Hudson to seek a northwest passage to Asia, instead finding the Hudson River. Claimed the Hudson River Valley for the Dutch and called it New Amsterdam

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[stacyray]

4:35 "led Columbus into contact with the Aztec and Inca empires" He explored some Caribbean islands and coastal areas of central America, but I don't recall evidence to prove that Columbus made any contact with the Aztecs and Inca.

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