Empires Expand [AP World History Review] Unit 3, Topic 1

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In this video Heimler explains how land-based empires expanded from 1450-1750. In a word, most of them expanded by means of gunpowder based weaponry.

He explains the rise of gunpowder empires like the Ottoman Empire, the Safavid Empire, and the Mughal Empire. Ivan the Terrible did similar things with the expansion of the Russian Empire.

But it wasn't all boom boom. The expansion of empires required a healthy dependence on bureaucracy as well.

This video's content fits the AP World History curriculum under Unit 3 Topic 1.

[masonkoller]

AP world is like a horror movie, and Steve is the comic relief

[ineslime]

high school culture is watching a bunch of review videos the night before you have to write a timed essay about a topic from this unit

[EnergyDot]

Once again, you're the only decent youtuber doing this kind of work. Thank you, so much

[pgdvanished]

notes:

land based empires: ottoman, safavid, russia, and mughal
known as gunpowder empires, relied on military strength to expand and keep their land in control

invention of the printing press: increase in literacy and faciliatted the grwoth of books.
empires centralized power in themseleves. did this by controlling taxation, armed forces. bureaucracy expanded as a result.

russia:
ivan the 4th: known as ivan the terrible. expanded into siberia empire

yuan dynasty:
replaced by ming dynasty, restored the great wall of china. qing dynasty founded in 1640 by the manchu. expanded by gunpowder.

tamerlane: mongol turkic leader, ruthlessly invaded persia. dependent on his military, stabilized his land. eventually feel off due to economic reasons. ottoman, safavid, and mughal rose.

ottoman: mehmed the 2nd
overtaken constantinople by gunpowder and changed the name to istanbul
suleiman the great - conquered hungary, puts fear into europe. expanded by gunpowder

safavid
ismael - conquered persia and iraq, he was 15. expanded by gunpowder. made islam the offical religion, specifically shia islam, denied the sunni islam. caused frequent conflicts with ottoman (sunni islam)

mughal:
babur - founded when it was in disarray.
akbar the great - made it prosperous and well led

fall of gunpowder empires:
- failed to modernize economy and military

[jessicachase]

him : "15 year old what have you done with your life?"

me: *sobs* watched AP World videos

[marcusdiaz]

im ganna go out on a limb here and say i think gunpowder was important during this time

[alyssamonaco]

Video #1: Land-based Empires Expand *Use gunpowder to control diverse populations, AKA gunpowder empires. Ex) Russia, Ottoman, Safavid, Mughal,


A. Europe



1. What was the purpose of art/architecture?
These empires were fundamentally militaristic, even so, gunpowder empires were capable of having interesting and diverse cultures, any art or architecture however, usually served the purpose of legitimizing the power of the ruler.


2. What was Europe recovering from after the "Unlucky" 1300s?
Europe began to recover from the black plague around the mid 1400's . +Hundred years war had ended +Invention of the Gutenberg printing press leads to an increase in literacy.


3. What did regional kings begin to do at the the expense of feudal land elite?
Kings turned away from distributing their power to land elites and began to centralize their rule.


4. How did regional kings centralize their power?
Kings began exercising control over taxation, the armed forces, and religion over their state.


5. Kings used bureaucracies to centralize power. What is a bureaucracy?
A group of government officials that carry out the will of whoever is in power.


6. Socially, what class began to emerge and challenge the landed elite?
Middle class began to grow at the expense of the nobility and the clergy.


B. East Asia



1. Who overthrew Mongol-controlled China (Yuan)? *Make China Great Again!!
In 1368 the Ming Dynasty replaced the Yuan dynasty which held power in China well into the 1600s. The Mongols were still a threat so it was the Ming dynasty who restored and expanded the great wall of China.


2. Who overthrew the Ming Dynasty?
Around the mid 17th century Manchus from the neighboring Manchuria seized power and established the Qin dynasty in 1644.


C. Gunpowder (Islamic Empires in Middle East, Central Asia, and South Asia (India)



1. Ottoman Empire (Remember Big Brother)*Middle East, North Africa, & SE Europe



a. How long? *From when to when? WWI???
Established in the 1300's and lasted 600 years.


b. How did the Ottoman conquer Constantinople (or is that Istanbul)?
In 1453 under the leadership of Mehmed the II, well-fortified Constantinople was conquered through the use of gunpowder and the cities name was changed to Istanbul.


c. Under whom did it peak?
The Ottomans peaked under Suleiman the Great who held power from 1520 to 1566. In 1526 Suleiman began to conquer territory using gunpowder to push his way into Europe.


2. Safavid Empire (Remember Peculiar Brother)*Central Asia (Iran)



a. What did Ismail use to unit his empire? What branch?
Ismail used gunpowder and religion to unit his empire. Specifically, Shia Islam. In doing this, he denied legitimacy to the other major branch of Islam, the Sunnis.


b. Who did they conflict with?
The Ottoman empire, who followed Sunni Islam.


3. Mughal Empire (Pretty Brother) *India or South Asia



a. Who Muslim Turk conquered India?
Babur used gunpowder to conquer northern India and found the Mughal Empire.


b. Under who did the Mughals peak? the accepting!
The Mughals peaked under Akbar the accepting.


D. Why did the Gunpowder Empire Collapse *List two failures. Most of the gunpowder empires failed because they failed to 1: modernize their economy and 2: Modernize their militaries.

[HistoryExplained]

Wow I wish there was a channel like this while I was in school! You’re doing a fantastic job helping students!

[sophied]

I like how heimler masterfully compresses centuries worth of information into a minutes long video, barely taking a moment to breathe, and leaves in like 3 seconds of him laughing at his own ivan the terrible pun. I feel like i now truly know what is important, about the world. Ivan puns

[jacobr]

Sounds like the gunpowder empires allowed their successes to lull them into a false sense of security, which in turn led to complacency. In the words of Bane, victory defeated them.

[whereisthefood]

Ive been watching your videos for awhile now, not realizing that they actually went along with AP courses. I started my first AP class this year in high school and I am currently reviewing for Unit 3 Exam tomorrow, you've been carrying me through the last two units and I just want to say thank you so much. (By the way during the past two exams whenever I cant think of something, the dad jokes somehow get me through a question and I remember the information.)

[saijeyaprakash]

For anybody who's wondering, "poke" is NOT the past tense of peaked.

[ashholdsworth]

Thanks to you I might actually pass my end-of-year exam. You're a true hero, sir.

[fbasheer]

omg thank you so much for this, i hope i do well on my ap test tomorrow

[brianabanana]

Thanks so much! My midterm is in 2 days and I can’t believe I only recently found your channel. This would’ve been a big help when I was struggling a few weeks ago. Keep up the good work!

[Sarah-hlnl]

my notes:

Gunpowder Empire
Southwest, Central, and South Asia
Russia, Ottoman Empire, Safavid, Mughal
Large states that rely on firearms to control their territory and to expand to new territory
Had diverse ppl in territory
Fundamentally militaristic
Art and architecture served to confirm the power of the ruler
Europe
1400s destruction by black plague wear off and pop. grow, hundred years war end, invention of Gutenbery printing press (books and pamphlets easier to make so European pop. increase in literacy)
New monarchies arise by 1500s
Centralize power
Before: in feudalism power distributed throughout territory and mostly in hands of landed elite
But now kings gather decentralized power and centralize it in themselves
Control taxation, military, religion
Bureaucracy (group of gov. officials that carry out the will of who is in power) expanded
Tutors (England), Valois (France), Isabella and Ferdinand (Spain)
Cause middle class to grow (expense of nobility and clergy)
Russia
Territory stretch from East to West (can get wealthy on trade)
Ivan the 4th (Ivan the terrible) crowned czar in 1547
Expand territory further east (held by Mongolian khan)
Bc of gunpowder
East Asia
Yuan dynasty (Mongols) overthrown in 1368
Replaced by Ming
Restored and expand Great Wall of China (Mongols still a threat)
Mid 1600s Manchu get power and establish Qing dynasty
Emperor Kangxi expanded territory (Taiwan, Mongolia, Central Asia, Tibet)
Bc of gunpowder
Islamic empires
Tamerlane (Mongol Turkic leader of Samarkand) known for ruthless invasions in Peria and India
Estimate that when he invade India he killed 100, 000 Hindus before gates of Delhi
Empire depend of military
Good bc used stablize and protect comings and goings of merchants on silk roads
Bad bc military expensive
Destroyed economy, empire fell
Ottoman (rose from his empire) (1300s-1900s)
Largest and greatest
In 1453 under Mehmed the 2nd, seized constantinople (crown jewel of byzantine christianity, city protected w 3 layers of walls)
Bc of gunpowder
Called Istanbul (center of all dif trade routes, benefit from it)
Peaked under Suleiman the great (1520-1566)
Conquered Hungary and a lot of other territories (1526)
Tried to expand to Europe but stopped (still a threat to Europeans)
Bc of gunpowder
Safavid (rose from his empire)
Ismail conquered most of Persia, parts of Iraq when he was 14/15 years old
Bc of gunpowder
Made Shia Islam official religion
Unite, but deny anyone who was Sunni Islam
Ottomans Sunni so conflict
Mughal (rose from his empire)
Babur (desendent of Tamerlane) founded Mughal empire when India in chaos
Got N. India bc of gunpowder and establish central gov. (similar to Suleiman)
Akbar (greatest leader)
Under him, empire most well led
Fall of Gunpowder empires
Failed to modernize economy and military

[greasemonkey]

As someone with a class that is in absolute disarray, using an online site that doesn't fully teach what is actually used in the tests, this has been immensely informative and useful. I have a Unit 3 test soon, so thank you for the work you're doing, Heimler. Stay awesome, and wish me luck.

[minhope]

My history teacher loves you a lot and he promoted your Ultimate Review packet lol. Keep up the great work!

[empanada]

Something that I don't see a lot of people commenting about is the editing that goes into these videos. I have a low-ass attention spam and these videos help me be engaged and focused because they are fast-aced and entertaining which help me focus better and gain a better understanding of it. And the way you do the jump/fast cuts on your videos is super entertaining. From a former editor to another, it's important too keep the viewer engaged at all times and you sir have done it!

[suvhamdhital]

So all they had to do was throw gunpowder? or eat it? which one I am very confused.
Edit:I tried both and none got me an empire.