6 types of dyes

1. Direct dyes: These dyes are typically used on cellulose fibers like cotton, rayon, and linen. They work by directly bonding with the fibers through weak Van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonding. Direct dyes are easy to apply and are commonly used for dyeing textiles in solid colors.2. Reactive dyes: Reactive dyes are ideal for dyeing natural fibers such as cotton, wool, and silk. They form covalent bonds with the fibers, resulting in excellent colorfastness and wash resistance. Reactive dyes are versatile and can produce a wide range of vibrant colors.
3. Acid dyes: Acid dyes are primarily used for dyeing protein fibers like wool, silk, and nylon. They require an acidic environment (pH 4-5) to adhere to the fibers. Acid dyes form ionic bonds with the protein molecules in the fibers, resulting in bright and vibrant colors.4. Basic dyes: Basic dyes are used for dyeing synthetic fibers such as acrylic, polyester, and nylon. They require a basic environment (pH 9-10) for dyeing. Basic dyes are cationic, meaning they carry a positive charge and are attracted to the negatively charged synthetic fibers. They produce intense and brilliant colors on synthetic materials.5. Disperse dyes: Disperse dyes are primarily used for dyeing synthetic fibers like polyester, acetate, and nylon. These dyes are insoluble in water but can be dispersed in a dispersing agent to form a fine suspension. Disperse dyes rely on heat and pressure to penetrate the fibers and achieve dyeing. They are commonly used for dyeing polyester fabrics in vibrant and long-lasting colors.
6. Vat dyes: Vat dyes are used for dyeing natural fibers such as cotton, linen, and rayon. They are insoluble in water and require a reducing agent, such as sodium hydrosulfite, and an alkaline environment for dyeing. Vat dyes form insoluble pigments within the fibers through a complex chemical process called vatting. They produce deep and colorfast shades, making them suitable for textiles that undergo frequent washing and exposure to sunlight.