Decision Tree Solved | Id3 Algorithm (concept and numerical) | Machine Learning (2019)

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Decision Tree is a supervised learning method used for classification and regression. It is a tree which helps us by assisting us in decision-making!

Decision tree builds classification or regression models in the form of a tree structure. It breaks down a data set into smaller and smaller subsets and simultaneously decision tree is incrementally developed. The final tree is a tree with decision nodes and leaf nodes. A decision node has two or more branches. Leaf node represents a classification or decision. We cannot do more split on leaf nodes.

The topmost decision node in a tree which corresponds to the best predictor called root node. Decision trees can handle both categorical and numerical data.
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Common terms used with Decision trees:

Root Node: It represents entire population or sample and this further gets divided into two or more homogeneous sets.

Splitting: It is a process of dividing a node into two or more sub-nodes.

Decision Node: When a sub-node splits into further sub-nodes, then it is called decision node.

Leaf/ Terminal Node: Nodes do not split is called Leaf or Terminal node.

Pruning: When we remove sub-nodes of a decision node, this process is called pruning. You can say opposite process of splitting.

Branch / Sub-Tree: A sub section of entire tree is called branch or sub-tree.

Parent and Child Node: A node, which is divided into sub-nodes is called parent node of sub-nodes whereas sub-nodes are the child of parent node.

How does Decision Tree works ?

Decision tree is a type of supervised learning algorithm (having a pre-defined target variable) that is mostly used in classification problems. It works for both categorical and continuous input and output variables. In this technique, we split the population or sample into two or more homogeneous sets (or sub-populations) based on most significant splitter / differentiator in input variables.

Advantages of Decision Tree:

1. Easy to Understand: Decision tree output is very easy to understand even for people from non-analytical background. It does not require any statistical knowledge to read and interpret them. Its graphical representation is very intuitive and users can easily relate their hypothesis.
2. Useful in Data exploration: Decision tree is one of the fastest way to identify most significant variables and relation between two or more variables. With the help of decision trees, we can create new variables / features that has better power to predict target variable. It can also be used in data exploration stage. For e.g., we are working on a problem where we have information available in hundreds of variables, there decision tree will help to identify most significant variable.
3 Decision trees implicitly perform variable screening or feature selection.
4. Decision trees require relatively little effort from users for data preparation.
5. Less data cleaning required: It requires less data cleaning compared to some other modeling techniques. It is not influenced by outliers and missing values to a fair degree.
6. Data type is not a constraint: It can handle both numerical and categorical variables. Can also handle multi-output problems.

ID3 Algorithm

Key Factors:
Entropy- It is the measure of randomness or ‘impurity’ in the dataset.
Information Gain: It is the measure of decrease in entropy after the dataset is split.

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i have to thank indians for tutorials you are amazing guys

me-hnbs
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The best explanation for id3 algorithm.. Well done

poojah
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You are wayyy better with teaching than most of the so-called senior lecturers at my University.

JanithGamageVEVO
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he is only one who explained best and in a easy way to understand id3 in YouTube.

kartheekeswar
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Very well explained. Most people leave it after finding the root node. Thanks for showing the entire calculation

nikhilnarayane
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Excellent! Your emphasis on certain points made it even more clearer to understand. Keep up the good work.

anirudhbharadwaj
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Thank you for this video. This is by far the best explanation of the ID3 algorithm out there. I have one question though if the Information gains of two attributes are the same then which one do we use for further splitting?

keerthithejas.c.
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I had gone through the same example in many courses, everyone explained how to select root node but after that nobody explained further splitting till leaf node. Thank you....

surajkulkarni
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Thank you very much; you explained things more clearly and slowly than my prof.

MohamedHassan-tkbq
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Wow, thank you, from a zero Math and AI background.
Looking forward to learning more

nige
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The best explanation on the whole internet!! Thank you,

tauhait
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I feel that you are the one who explained to us this in Manipal course in summer 2020? Excellent. thank you

admail
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The best and clear cut explanation that I have ever seen

vamsikrishnachiguluri
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Thank you very much for such an easy explanation, you explain very well. Please make more and more videos like this on machine learning. I like your way teaching and concept delivery..
Thanks a lot
Imaad Ullah

imaadullahafridi
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FANTASTIC EXPLANATION.ANYBODY CAN UNDERSTAND.THANKS FOR THE VIDEO.PLEASE DO A RF ALGORITHM WITH NUMERICAL EXAMPLE LIKE ID3.

ncsctsr
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Concept clear sir.. your teaching method is very impressive. Thanks sir...

muhammadhamzanabeel
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WOW
WOW
Thanks a
Our lecturer took 3 days to explain this, thanks for making this so easy <3

Virus-kexj
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I have exam tomorrow thanks for saving super explanation my teacher took 5 hours but i didn't understand u explained in 20 mins u are awesome man!!! keep going

sharmass
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@Code_Wrestling where is the video for python implementation?

Mohitkumar-rbzr
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Explained well but music during the video is bad option. Some may loose concerntration while listening to the video.

foodiez