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Anxiety and ADHD
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Main Chapters:
00:00 Intro - Anxiety and ADHD
00:10 Take home message
02:53 What is Anxiety?
06:11 Links Between Anxiety and ADHD
09:21 Differentiating ADHD and Anxiety Symptoms
14:59 ADHD Leading to Anxiety
18:04 Treatments for ADHD and Anxiety
Roughly a third of those with ADHD also meet criteria for an anxiety disorder. Disrupted attention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity can be present in both conditions, and conventional self-assessment scales do a poor job of differentiating whether symptoms arise from ADHD, anxiety, or both.
ADHD in early childhood contributes to the development of anxiety disorders, whereas most research has failed to show that anxiety disorders cause full-blown ADHD. However, anxiety often worsens symptoms of ADHD. In other instances, anxiety can reduce the expression of ADHD symptoms such as impulsivity.
A careful exploration of the progression of symptoms over time, and examining which situations worsen or improve symptoms yields the most help in differentiating anxiety from ADHD. Medication can also be quite helpful in sorting out the two conditions. Stimulants and other ADHD medications (at appropriate doses) usually reduce anxiety in those with ADHD, but tend to exacerbate anxiety in those without ADHD.
The treatment of anxiety in the setting of ADHD often starts with proper adjustment of any ADHD medications. A number of agents, including SSRI, buspirone, and guanfacine, can be added on to target anxiety reduction in individuals with ADHD. Behavioral approaches, including cyclic sighing, exercise, meditation, and the chanting of mantras, may also help reduce anxiety, as can CBT based cognitive reframing and re-education.
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Free link to my Medium Article on Anxiety and ADHD:
Access to other Medium articles requires paid membership.
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References:
A meta-analytic review of the impact of ADHD medications on anxiety and depression in children and adolescents (2023)
Attachment and comorbid anxiety in ADHD (2024)
Early Development of Comorbidity Between Symptoms of ADHD and Anxiety (2021)
Differential diagnosis and comorbidity of ADHD and anxiety in adults
Is Clinical Anxiety a Risk or a Protective Factor for Executive Functioning in Youth with ADHD? A Meta-regression Analysis (2018)
Full Chapter list:
00:00 Intro - Anxiety and ADHD
00:10 Take home message
02:53 What is Anxiety?
04:05 Types of Anxiety Disorders
04:33 Panic / PTSD
05:15 Anxiety and Depression
06:11 Links Between Anxiety and ADHD
06:24 Genetics
07:34 Misdiagnosing ADHD and Anxiety
09:21 Differentiating Symptoms of ADHD and Anxiety
11:10 Context and History of Symptoms
13:43 ADHD and Anxiety Protecting From Each Other
14:59 ADHD Leading to Anxiety
15:19 Negative Feedback / Emotional Regulation / Executive Functions
16:27 Underachieving / Missing Information / Parental Influence
18:04 Treatments for ADHD and Anxiety
19:36 SSRIs and SNRIs (Selective Serotonin and Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors)
20:11 Buspirone / Guanfacine / Propranolol
21:01 Non Medication Treatments
23:56 Outro
Streamed live January 24, 2024
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Psychiatrist, neuroscientist, and author John Kruse, MD, PhD presents practical, actionable, well-researched information about treatment options that scientists and clinicians recommend for adult ADHD and other mental health conditions. Subscribe if you're curious about how neuro-atypical brains can optimize their functioning in our shared, and somewhat strange, world.
Dr. Kruse has posted talks in both the "live" and the "video" sections of this channel. Thumbnails on ADHD topics have a pink background, and those on more general mental health topics have a purple background. A small collection of ADHD-Trump videos have an orange background.
You're welcome to email him with topics you want discussed or people you think he should interview.
00:00 Intro - Anxiety and ADHD
00:10 Take home message
02:53 What is Anxiety?
06:11 Links Between Anxiety and ADHD
09:21 Differentiating ADHD and Anxiety Symptoms
14:59 ADHD Leading to Anxiety
18:04 Treatments for ADHD and Anxiety
Roughly a third of those with ADHD also meet criteria for an anxiety disorder. Disrupted attention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity can be present in both conditions, and conventional self-assessment scales do a poor job of differentiating whether symptoms arise from ADHD, anxiety, or both.
ADHD in early childhood contributes to the development of anxiety disorders, whereas most research has failed to show that anxiety disorders cause full-blown ADHD. However, anxiety often worsens symptoms of ADHD. In other instances, anxiety can reduce the expression of ADHD symptoms such as impulsivity.
A careful exploration of the progression of symptoms over time, and examining which situations worsen or improve symptoms yields the most help in differentiating anxiety from ADHD. Medication can also be quite helpful in sorting out the two conditions. Stimulants and other ADHD medications (at appropriate doses) usually reduce anxiety in those with ADHD, but tend to exacerbate anxiety in those without ADHD.
The treatment of anxiety in the setting of ADHD often starts with proper adjustment of any ADHD medications. A number of agents, including SSRI, buspirone, and guanfacine, can be added on to target anxiety reduction in individuals with ADHD. Behavioral approaches, including cyclic sighing, exercise, meditation, and the chanting of mantras, may also help reduce anxiety, as can CBT based cognitive reframing and re-education.
-----
Free link to my Medium Article on Anxiety and ADHD:
Access to other Medium articles requires paid membership.
-----
References:
A meta-analytic review of the impact of ADHD medications on anxiety and depression in children and adolescents (2023)
Attachment and comorbid anxiety in ADHD (2024)
Early Development of Comorbidity Between Symptoms of ADHD and Anxiety (2021)
Differential diagnosis and comorbidity of ADHD and anxiety in adults
Is Clinical Anxiety a Risk or a Protective Factor for Executive Functioning in Youth with ADHD? A Meta-regression Analysis (2018)
Full Chapter list:
00:00 Intro - Anxiety and ADHD
00:10 Take home message
02:53 What is Anxiety?
04:05 Types of Anxiety Disorders
04:33 Panic / PTSD
05:15 Anxiety and Depression
06:11 Links Between Anxiety and ADHD
06:24 Genetics
07:34 Misdiagnosing ADHD and Anxiety
09:21 Differentiating Symptoms of ADHD and Anxiety
11:10 Context and History of Symptoms
13:43 ADHD and Anxiety Protecting From Each Other
14:59 ADHD Leading to Anxiety
15:19 Negative Feedback / Emotional Regulation / Executive Functions
16:27 Underachieving / Missing Information / Parental Influence
18:04 Treatments for ADHD and Anxiety
19:36 SSRIs and SNRIs (Selective Serotonin and Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors)
20:11 Buspirone / Guanfacine / Propranolol
21:01 Non Medication Treatments
23:56 Outro
Streamed live January 24, 2024
-------------------------
Psychiatrist, neuroscientist, and author John Kruse, MD, PhD presents practical, actionable, well-researched information about treatment options that scientists and clinicians recommend for adult ADHD and other mental health conditions. Subscribe if you're curious about how neuro-atypical brains can optimize their functioning in our shared, and somewhat strange, world.
Dr. Kruse has posted talks in both the "live" and the "video" sections of this channel. Thumbnails on ADHD topics have a pink background, and those on more general mental health topics have a purple background. A small collection of ADHD-Trump videos have an orange background.
You're welcome to email him with topics you want discussed or people you think he should interview.
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