OoL Chemical Evolution Destroyed by Racemic Precursors

in 1952 Miller-Urey chemicals evolved with racemic precursors, not building blocks of life

Origin of Life racemic amino acid bonds were destroyed by Oxygen Photodissociation, Hydrolysis in ocean hydrothermal vents, UV-rays

Abiogenesis is prevented, Amino acid bonds were destroyed by Oxygen Photodissociation, Hydrolysis in ocean hydrothermal vents, UV rays in Miller-Urey reducing atmosphere

Origin of Life chemical evolution problems, interactomes, no enzymes, mass transfer, racemic. Miller-Urey in 1952 did not create the building blocks of life (only left-handed amino acids), but textbooks continue to promote the idea that it did

JAMES M. TOUR, Ph.D.
T. T. and W. F. Chao Professor of Chemistry
Professor of Computer Science
Professor of Materials Science and NanoEngineering
Rice University
Smalley-Curl Institute and the NanoCarbon Center

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Miller’s experiment requires a reducing methane and ammonia atmosphere, however geochemical evidence says the atmosphere was hydrogen, water, and carbon dioxide (non-reducing). The only amino acid produced in a such an atmosphere is glycine (and only when the hydrogen content is unreasonably high), and could not form the necessary building blocks of life.

2. These "pre-biotic chemicals" are formed only in very small amounts and degrade quickly into a tar-like substance. Not only would UV radiation destroy any molecules that were made, but their own short lifespans would also greatly limit their numbers. For example, at 100ºC (boiling point of water), the half lives of the nucleic acids Adenine and Guanine are 1 year, uracil is 12 years, and cytozine is 19 days (nucleic acids and other important proteins such as chlorophyll and hemoglobin have never been synthesized in origin-of-life type experiments). Such short-lived molecules could never be stockpiled, even if they could be produced naturally. even though even at that low temperature Ribose, a sugar which helps build DNA, has a short half-life of 44 years, and cytozine a relatively short half-life of 17,000 years. Either way the rate of degradation is too high to accumulate enough pre-biotic organics to form a soup. But models for earth's formation indicate the earth was hot, meaning degradation would occur even faster! If it the earth had been cold, this would work against the OOL by slowing the chemical reactions that supposedly allowed life to form, increasing the time needed for the OOL.

3. Catch-22 situation: We all have know ozone in the upper atmosphere protects life from harmful UV radiation. However, ozone is composed of oxygen which is the very gas that Stanley Miller-type experiments avoided, for it prevents the synthesis of organic molecules like the ones obtained from the experiments! Pre-biotic synthesis is in a "damned if you do, damned if you don't" scenario. The chemistry does not work if there is oxygen because the atmosphere would be non-reducing, but if there is no UV-light-blocking oxygen (i.e. ozone - O3) in the atmosphere, the amino acids would be quickly destroyed by extremely high amounts of UV light (which would have been 100 times stronger than today on the early earth). This radiation could destroy methane within a few tens of years, and atmospheric ammonia within 30,000 years.

4. At best the processes would likely create a dilute "thin soup," destroyed by meteorite impacts every 10 million years. This severely limits the time available to create pre-biotic chemicals and allow for the OOL.

5. Chemically speaking, life uses only "left-handed" ("L") amino acids and "right-handed" ("R)" genetic molecules. This is called "chirality," and any account of the origin of life must somehow explain the origin of chirality. Nearly all chemical reactions produce "racemic" mixtures--mixtures with products that are 50% L and 50% R. However, some Darwinist websites report studies that found chemical reactions that slightly bias the products in favor of right-handed or left-handed molecules. However, as an anonymous Ph.D. chemist explains below, these studies have hardly solved the problem of chirality in naturalistic scenarios for the origin of life:
http : / / www . ideacenter . org / contentmgr / showdetails . php / id / 838
Problems with the Natural Chemical "Origin of Life" (updated) by Casey Luskin