Probability and Statistics (Module 1.5 - Urdu)

Probability and Statistics (Module 1.5)

● Covariance and Correlation
● Some simple properties of covariance
● A physical understanding of covariance
● Several discrete random variables
● Illustrative solved examples

These are self-study lectures on probability theory suitable for college level students studying mathematics, physics, economics, and business.

References:

1. A Natural Introduction to Probability Theory, Robert Meester, Birkhäuser Verlag (2008).
2. Introduction to Probability Models, 9th Edition, Elsevier (2009).
3. Grinstead and Snell's Introduction to Probability, the CHANCE Project (2006).
4. Probability Theory and its Applications, William Feller, 3rd edition, John Wiley (1970).

For worked examples, I strongly recommend the books by Hossein Pishro-Nik which you can easily locate with a Google search.

For more lectures of this series and that of Thermodynamics, Waves And Oscillations, Quantum Mechanics, Special Relativity, Calculus, Physics and more, visit: