pimples|why pimples occurs|acne treatment #acne #dermatology #pimples #acnetreatment #acnehomeremedy

Acne, medically known as **acne vulgaris**, is a common skin condition that occurs when hair follicles become clogged with oil, dead skin cells, and bacteria. It primarily affects the face, chest, shoulders, and back due to the high concentration of oil glands in these areas. Acne is most common during puberty but can occur at any age.
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### **Types of Acne**
1. **Non-inflammatory Lesions:**
- **Whiteheads (closed comedones):** Small bumps that remain closed beneath the skin's surface.
- **Blackheads (open comedones):** Open pores filled with excess oil and dead skin cells, appearing black due to oxidation.

2. **Inflammatory Lesions:**
- **Papules:** Small, red, raised bumps caused by inflammation.
- **Pustules:** Similar to papules but filled with pus at the top.
- **Nodules:** Large, painful, solid lumps beneath the skin.
- **Cysts:** Deep, pus-filled, and painful lesions that can lead to scarring.

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### **Causes of Acne**
1. **Overproduction of Sebum (oil):** Excess oil from sebaceous glands clogs pores.
2. **Clogged Hair Follicles:** Dead skin cells block pores, trapping oil and bacteria.
3. **Bacterial Infection:** *Cutibacterium acnes* (formerly *Propionibacterium acnes*) thrives in clogged follicles, triggering inflammation.
4. **Hormonal Changes:** Androgens, especially during puberty, menstruation, pregnancy, or conditions like PCOS, can increase sebum production.
5. **Genetic Factors:** A family history of acne increases susceptibility.
6. **Lifestyle and Environmental Triggers:**
- Stress
- Diet (high glycemic index foods, dairy)
- Use of comedogenic skincare products
- Humidity and sweat
- Medications (e.g., steroids, lithium)

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### **Symptoms of Acne**
- Pimples, whiteheads, blackheads, or cysts on the skin
- Redness, swelling, or tenderness in affected areas
- Pain or discomfort (especially with cystic acne)
- Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation or scarring in severe cases

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### **Diagnosis**
Acne is diagnosed based on the clinical appearance of lesions. Dermatologists may classify acne as mild, moderate, or severe based on the number and type of lesions.

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### **Treatment**
Treatment depends on the severity of acne:

1. **Mild Acne (Non-inflammatory):**
- Topical treatments like benzoyl peroxide, salicylic acid, or retinoids (e.g., tretinoin, adapalene).

2. **Moderate Acne (Inflammatory):**
- Topical antibiotics (clindamycin, erythromycin) combined with benzoyl peroxide.
- Oral antibiotics (doxycycline, minocycline) for more extensive inflammation.
- Hormonal therapy (oral contraceptives, spironolactone) for hormonally driven acne.

3. **Severe Acne (Nodulocystic):**
- Oral isotretinoin (Accutane), a powerful retinoid that reduces oil production and inflammation.
- Intralesional steroid injections for cysts.

4. **Supportive Treatments:**
- Chemical peels, laser therapy, or microneedling for scarring.
- Non-comedogenic skincare and sun protection.

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### **Prevention and Skincare Tips**
- Wash your face twice daily with a gentle, non-comedogenic cleanser.
- Avoid touching your face or picking at lesions.
- Use oil-free, non-comedogenic makeup and sunscreen.
- Maintain a balanced diet and stay hydrated.
- Manage stress through regular exercise or mindfulness techniques.

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### **Complications**
- **Scarring:** Permanent depressions (ice-pick scars) or raised scars (keloids) may form.
- **Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH):** Dark spots after the acne heals, more common in darker skin tones.
- **Emotional Impact:** Acne can lead to low self-esteem, anxiety, or depression.

If acne persists or worsens, a consultation with a dermatologist is essential for personalized care.

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