What is an Atom ?

What is an Atom?

An atom is the basic unit of matter, and it is the smallest unit of an element that retains the chemical properties of that element. Atoms are the building blocks of all matter in the universe. They are composed of three main subatomic particles:

1. Protons: Positively charged particles found in the nucleus of the atom.
2. Neutrons: Neutrally charged particles also located in the nucleus.
3. Electrons: Negatively charged particles that orbit the nucleus in electron shells or energy levels.

The protons and neutrons are tightly packed in the central nucleus of the atom, while the electrons move in various energy levels or orbitals around the nucleus. The number of protons in an atom's nucleus defines its atomic number, which, in turn, determines the element to which the atom belongs. The number of electrons typically matches the number of protons, creating a neutral atom.

Atoms can combine to form molecules through chemical bonding, and they can participate in chemical reactions by gaining, losing, or sharing electrons. The study of atoms and their interactions is a fundamental concept in chemistry and physics and has led to a deeper understanding of the properties and behavior of matter.

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[abhia]

The naming convention for electron shells in an atom originated from the spectroscopic notation used to classify atomic transitions. The first letter, "K, " represents the sharp spectral lines in X-ray emissions. This convention extends to other shells as well, with subsequent letters like L, M, etc., denoting other spectral lines.
•One more version says that the "K" shell is named after the German word "Kante" which means "edge" in English. It's the closest to the nucleus and was discovered first, hence the name "K."

[madhavipothina]

Hello sir😊
The first shell of an atom is called the K shell because it's named after the K type X-ray, which is the highest energy X-ray an atom can emit

Sir could you please try to upload video on Structure of atom based on Quantum mechanics 😢

[jacquilineojadi]

Please I have a question. Using the Bohr Bury's rule, the m shell can take 18 electrons. How come in the case of Cacium we have 2, 8, 8, 2 instead of 2, 8, 10. Please clarify me Sir

[Certifiedupdate]

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[vijaysrinivas]

Sir, you are very much needed for today's generation of class 10th kids appearing for board exams. Great job sir. Please continue 😊

[kalpanasingh]

I request sir can you upload video in how to find valency of any element in Hindi please don't ignore I also want to know these concepts 2, 8, 8, 18, 18, 32, 32 in my class room many people says 2, 8, 18, 32 in correct but I was confused I hope you will solve it my this problem

[amarnathgattu]

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[jaaninfotech-ok]

Orbits start from K, because The electron orbit or energy level naming convention starts from K, not A, due to historical and scientific reasons.

Historical reason:

The naming convention originated from the early 20th-century spectroscopists, who used letters to label the spectral lines. They started with K (K-shell) for the innermost energy level, followed by L, M, N, and so on.


Scientific reason:

The K-shell corresponds to the principal quantum number n=1, which represents the lowest energy level or innermost orbit. The letters K, L, M, etc., are derived from the spectroscopic notation:


- K (n=1): 1s orbital (spherical symmetry)
- L (n=2): 2s and 2p orbitals (spherical and dumbbell-shaped)
- M (n=3): 3s, 3p, and 3d orbitals
- N (n=4): 4s, 4p, 4d, and 4f orbitals


The letters A, B, C, etc., were already used for other purposes in spectroscopy, such as labeling spectral series or transitions.


Modern notation:

Today, the Aufbau principle and the periodic table guide the electron configuration notation. The energy levels are labeled with numbers (1, 2, 3, ...) and letters (s, p, d, f) indicating orbital shapes.


However, the historical KLMN notation remains widely used, especially in X-ray spectroscopy and electron configuration shorthand.

[Screaming_Studios]

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[erentxunlopez]

Thank you for your lesson very easy to understand.

[KingNotSkilled]

9:01 Why is the electron configuration of Ca isn't *Calcium - 2, 8, 10* ? It's mentioned earlier in the video, that the third orbit line is also 2n² (2 x 3²).

[synzxplayzz]

What a wonder video, learned a lot from this !

[PartyCrewCoolPAD]

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I researched blue atom pollution as a kiddo & went to further my education for pharmacy in college

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Good luck huh?? Thanks

[alexanderononuju]

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Keep up with the excellent job

[eruditeacademichub]

Your explanation skills are very clear and easy to understand. Very nice video. Thank You.

[jayd]

if the third shell can hold 2n^2 = 2 × 3^2 = 18 then
why is calcium 2, 8, 8, 2 and not 2, 8, 10

[VionaNdindi-slvc]

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[majeedahmed]

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[LeeKoeckeritz]

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