GYRI OF THE BRAIN - LEARN IN 4 MINUTES

The brain has four lobes: frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital. Let’s start examining the gyri of each lobe by first crossing off the ones that are easiest to remember. At the boundary between the frontal and parietal lobes is the central sulcus. The gyrus on the frontal lobe side of this sulcus is the precentral gyrus, while the gyrus on the parietal lobe side is the postcentral gyrus. Next, the frontal and temporal lobes each have a set of three gyri – superior, middle, and inferior. Superior frontal gyrus, middle frontal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus. Superior temporal gyrus, middle temporal gyrus, inferior temporal gyrus. The occipital lobe is a similar situation, with the superior occipital gyrus, lateral occipital gyrus, and inferior occipital gyrus. Now, let’s get to the gyri that are harder to remember. Here you see the orbital gyri near the eye socket. The inferior frontal gyrus can be split into three sections – the pars orbitalis – closest to your eye socket, or orbit – the pars triangularis – which resembles a triangle – and the pars opercularis… which… who knows why they called it that. Finally, let’s look at the gyri of the parietal lobe. There are the superior and inferior parietal lobules. The inferior parietal lobule is split into the angular gyrus and the supramarginal gyrus.
Now, let’s move onto the medial surface! The gyrus hugging the corpus collosum is the cingulate gyrus. This is the gyrus rectus, or straight gyrus – you’ll see why it’s called that when we examine the brain from the bottom view. This is the superior frontal gyrus. Next, we see the paracentral lobule – so called because within it runs the central sulcus. Then we have the cuneus and precuneus. These two are separated by the parieto-occipital fissure. There is another important fissure called the calcarine fissure. The cuneus lies on its superior bank, and on its lower bank lies the lingual gyrus, so called because it resembles the shape of the tongue. Moving on, we see the parahippocampal gyrus, at the extremity of which lies the uncus. Then there’s the fusiform gyrus, also called the occipitotemporal gyrus, which you use to recognize faces. And then we can see the inferior and middle temporal gyri peaking out.
Let’s look at the brain from the bottom now, and I’ll keep the medial surface visible next to it so you can see where the gyri continue. First there’s the straight gyrus, and now you can see why its called that. At the anterior end of the brain, we see the superior frontal gyrus. Immediately posterior to it are the orbital gyri, bounded laterally by the inferior frontal gyrus. Next, let’s look at the gyri of the temporal lobe. There is the middle temporal gyrus and the inferior temporal gyrus. We also see the fusiform gyrus and the parahippocampal gyrus. Moving onto the occipital lobe, we see the lingual gyrus and the inferior occipital gyrus. We can also see the cingulate gyrus and the cuneus peaking out.
Last view of the brain! Let’s look inside the sylvian fissure, otherwise called the lateral fissure. We see heschl’s gyri, otherwise called the superior transverse temporal gyri here. To better illustrate, here is a coronal cross-section of the brain highlighting the same area. Now, along the top, we see the parietal operculum, the frontal operculum, and the orbital operculum. The inner surface belongs to a structure called the insula (INSULATED INSIDE THE BRAIN), and there are the long gyri of the insula and the short gyri of the insula.

Brain model by:

[velvetrose]

1:16 Pars opercularis is named such because it's located close to the frontal operculum, which is the part of the frontal lobe that covers the insular lobe

[katarzynawrobel]

God I tried to understand that for days, and now in 4 minutes I understood everything about the gyri. Thanks a lot from Poland!

[davidtouzani]

Here’s an explanation of why it is called “pars opercularis”:

1. Anatomical Location: The frontal lobe is one of the major divisions of the cerebral cortex and is responsible for various cognitive functions, including motor control, executive functions, and language processing. Within the frontal lobe, there are several distinct regions or gyri, which are raised folds of the cortex.
2. Operculum: The term “opercularis” is derived from the Latin word “operculum, ” which means “lid” or “cover.” In the context of the brain, an “operculum” refers to a covering or lid-like structure that partially conceals another structure.
3. Appearance: The pars opercularis is named so because it covers or partially conceals a crucial part of the brain called the “insular cortex.” The insular cortex is located deep within the lateral sulcus (also known as the lateral fissure) and is not immediately visible on the surface of the brain. The pars opercularis forms a sort of “lid” or covering over the insular cortex.
😊

[ToTo]

Tremendous video. This 4 mins short video covers 3 hours of a lecture i took

[randallarms]

Wow, this video is excellent and much needed for easy reference. It was difficult to track down a concise and comprehensive listing of the main lobes & gyri of the cerebrum/telencephalon. Thank you.

[carmenalns]

Even in the 5th year of Med School neuroanatomy is a nightmare so this video helps a lot when it comes to reviewing it!

[aleena]

This summed up such a confusing scary lecture in 4 minutes. Love it

[enemyinc.]

Thanks to this, I can start on my patients brain surgery.

[lynnwiddifield]

Great job. Thanks so much for your video. Well done.

[mukeshbalyan]

very goo video. simple to understand and less time taking. presentation is very nice

[Faesunset]

this is a great video! you can't imagine how helpful it is!

[AnnamariaCs]

They call it opercular gyrus because it is closest to the insular cortex, parts of the cortex that closely cover the insula we call the operculum. Helpful tho, thanks!

[othmanekaidi]

You are a life saver. Thank you very much 🙏

[Enolaa]

So specific, precise and concise video . It's time consuming and helped to understand such seemingly unfathomable topic.. Really appreciate it 🤍✨

[lokeshb]

Oofff this is the best video ever thank you sooo muchhh

[mariettevanjaarsveld]

Soooo helpful, especially when everything looks the same at first! It helped me be much more confident in identification, thank you😊!

[Mmvk_]

An amazing short video for quick revision, thank a lot. <3

[mohdsaqlein]

Knowledgeable video about gyri and sulci thnk u mam

[emzed]

You made it so easy. Thank you so much.

[sarveshtamrakar]

I really wants to say thanks, I were confused with that since 2 days and now I learned within a few minutes