Hematology | Types of Anemias

Ninja Nerds!

In this lecture Professor Zach Murphy will be teaching you about types of Anemias!

In this video we discuss the various types of anemias:

Tables of Contents:
00:00 - Intro and Overview
00:52 - Iron Deficiency Anemia (Microcytic)
06:07 - Pernicious Anemia (B12/Folic Acid) (Macrocytic)
10:40 - Hereditary Spherocytosis
13:34 - G6PDH
19:30 - Sickle Cell Anemia (HbS)
25:07 - Hemorrhagic
26:28 - Aplastic (Pancytopenia)
30:17 - Thalassemia (Microcytic)
33:21 - Wrap Up

References:
● Le T, Bhushan V, Sochat M, Chavda Y, Zureick A. First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2018. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Medical; 2017
● Marieb EN, Hoehn K. Anatomy & Physiology. Hoboken, NJ: Pearson; 2020.
● Boron WF, Boulpaep EL. Medical Physiology.; 2017.
● Urry LA, Cain ML, Wasserman SA, Minorsky PV, Orr RB, Campbell NA. Campbell Biology. New York, NY: Pearson; 2020.
● Jameson JL, Fauci AS, Kasper DL, Hauser SL, Longo DL, Loscalzo J. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. New York etc.: McGraw-Hill Education; 2018.
● Sabatine MS. Pocket Medicine: the Massachusetts General Hospital Handbook of Internal Medicine. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer; 2020.
● Pérez, J.C. Hematología. La sangre y sus enfermedades (4.a ed.). Editorial McGraw-Hill; 2015.

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@NinjaNerdSci

#ninjanerd #Anemia #Hematology

[Finace_chic_]

WOW dude!! I am not even a med student, or even remotely related to the med field in any way, but came here for Thalassemia (was diagnosed today). I am completely blown away by the quality of you, and feel so fortunate to have found your channel! Thank you SO much. You are EXCELLENT.

[theguitarhero]

For those who would like a quick reference (thalassemia always trips me up):
00:55 - IDA
06:08 - B12/Folic Acid
10:38 ‐ Hereditary Spherocytosis
13:32 - G6PD
19:28 - Sickle Cell
25:05 - Hemorrhage
26:27 - Aplastic
30:18 - Thalassemia

[royaa]

Your videos saved me, I'm a visual learner and I understood everything so well instead of trying to read my confusing textbooks with long chapters. Thank you, you deserve a million views!

[samryon]

Found you by accident and i am so grateful. I have had anemia since i was 6 or 7 (i am 53 now). I have stage 4 cirrhosis(sober 6 yrs now), chronic pancreatitis, Crohns w complications(severe anemia), UC, stage 4 COPD. In the last 3 yrs i have been on Hospice 2 times.
I learned more about my anemia in 30 mins then i have my entire life.Although i am terminal, i always want to know because each day i wake up is a blessing to me. Maybe something is learn from you can give me another beautiful on this Earth. 🙂
Thank you for explaining this visually.
New Sub now and looking forward to learning more from you.

[walkerwilkins]

Just in case anyone is watching this, MCV is typically in the range of 80-100. Depends on what lab reports you're looking at and what region you're in, but typically macrocytic is above 100 and microcytic is below 80. Always check what your school lists as normocytic though. Thank you so much for your videos, you've saved me in medical school multiple times.

[tricia]

This is the most helpful video I have ever seen on the subject! You present the details and complex metabolic pathways while streamlining it all into an easy to understand simple focus. You are a gifted teacher sir! Love it! Please keep these videos coming!!!

[jonlucaslastra]

Very interesting lectures in this channel. Congratulations.
I think there is a couple little remarks to add:
1) Vitamin B12 comes from bacterial fermentation in the gut, and it later accumulates in animal tissues.
Unlike folic acid, vitamin B12 compounds are not generally present in plant foods, with the exception of fortified breakfast cereals.
Similar compounds can be found in some algae/seaweeds, but these do not have the same nutritional value of that of animal vitamin B12 sources.
Because of this reason, vegans are often prescribed vitamin B12, because they also remove other essential dietary sources of cobalamins, such as eggs, and milk and diaries.
2) It might be interesting mentioning about the existance of some dietary factors that can precipitate haemolytic anaemia in those patients who have a deficiency of G6PDH (genetic condition that is more common in the Mediterranean and the Middle East countries). These compounds, called glucosides, are found in some legumes such as some varieties of beans, peas, i.e. broad beans (fava beans), and if consumed by those people who have a genetic deficiency of G6PDH, they can trigger haemolytic anaemia (in this case know as favism).
Kind Regards.

[alishba.]

You have the best videos, best explanation and best pictures! Dude's saving more lives than superman

[Choishinhyun]

You're a real teacher. This is awesome. I have never studied anything related but i understand what my sickness is. Thank you

[justincherubim]

This IS THE BEST explanation of basic hematology I have ever had!! Thank you for your talented presentation style as well as your solid understanding of this complicated topic.

[rayayalmaz]

I hope from the deep of my heart that you never stop doing this videos, please keep teaching cause it goes with you so much, you're born to be a medicine teacher ❤ that's helped millions

[rubywine]

Thank you for explaining this so well! I was diagnosed with severe iron deficiency and have started weekly infusions at the cancer center. This helps me understand what's been happening inside my body all this time when I thought I was just over worked and over stressed. Thank you!

[HumasRSUAisyiyahPonorogo]

Thank you so much, my daughter relying on you on her first year of med school. Being a first year med student in pandemic era that turned every class into online is a tough experience and you helped her soo much. She even thank God for making you exist in this world😊 Sending lots of love from Indonesia💓

[_life]

This was the best and most informative video I’ve ever seen. I’ve struggled with Anemia for half my life. You’ve made it so much easier to understand. Thank you.

[Malakasism]

Awesome video man. Keep up the good work! Here are a few extra key points in each of the Anemias you listed:

1) Iron Deficiency Anemia
Extra possible causes: Can also be due to : parasitic infection, increased iron demand, malabsorpion.
Extra clinical signs from the ones you mentioned are Oral lesions, Angular Cheilitis, Plummer-Vinson syndrome( Glossits, esophageal webbing, dysphagia), koilonychia, pica(desire to eat non-edible things such as clay-paint.)
Upon microscopic examination we can see microcytic, hypochromic anemia with anisocytosis and poikilocytosis with presence of target cells.


2.1)B12Folate Deficiency:
Peripheral Blood smear= Presence of Hyoersegmented neutrophils, target cells, polychromasia, Howell-Jolly bodies.
Measure methylmalonic acid should be elavated.
Presents with neurological symptoms
2.2)Foliate deficiency :
Occurs due to increased demand during pregnancy, due to alcoholism, due to anti-folate drugs( Methotrexate), or due to malabsorption
Measure homosysteine levels( should be elevated). No neurological symptoms are present.

3)Hereditary spherocytosis= Intracorposcular origin.
Patients also appear with jaundice. Perform splenectomy to correct reduce anemia.

4)G6PD deficiency= Intracorposcular origin
Clinical Signs : Back pain, Hemoglobinemia, Hemoglobinuria

5)Sickle cell Anemia( Intracorposcular- Extravascular)
Extra clinical signs= Pain, micro-infarcts, necrosis in joints, bones, GI, lungs, aplastic crisis, sequestration crisis.
Extra Treatment= Bone marrow transplant

6)Aplastic Anemia
Normocytic, normochromic pancytopenia.
Signs and symptoms= Palor, weakness, Petechiae haemorrhages, ecchymosis, mucosal bleeds, recurrent infections, thrombocytopenia, Granulocytosis.
Treatment: Antithymocyte Globulin, corticosteroids, Cyclosporine, Cytokines administration( EPO, G-CSF, GM-CSF), Bone marrow transplant.

[welshlady]

I wish everything in life was this clearly explained.

[mattersthatmatter]

I'm a medical teacher (only have an MBBS degree), the reason why I'm not practising despite being a registered Doctor is my lack of confidence ... and I might be about 5 years elder to him . Thank you sincerely . Clearing my concepts and learning a new way to learn . Hope I'll be a better teacher and doctor soon ...

[bh]

I have a hematology exam tomorrow worth 25% of my final grade, thank you for rescuing me

[kaorumatsubara]

Found out I have Anemia a few days ago, and this gives me a really good idea of what I'm dealing with. Thank you ❤️

[charu]

Literally blow up my mind .
Sir I am in med school and I thought that I'll Be doomed in physiology but You are a life saver and I mean Your enthusiasm while teaching is really addictive.
Please keep on making these videos.❤