Einstein's Theory of Special Relativity!

Watch our: "Einstein's Theory of Relativity Made Easy"
--
--
In the year 1905, a patent clerk published his science paper which changed the science and perspective of the whole world. He elegantly explained how space and time are interrelated and gave us amazing insights about moving at the speed of light. It introduced us to the cosmic limit of speed of an object. What happens if we travel at the speed of light?
The theory of special relativity explains how space and time are linked for the objects moving at a constant velocity. This ‘constant velocity’ is also the main difference between special and general relativity. When we talk about special relativity we take into account the objects moving with constant velocity, for example, a car moving on a straight road with a constant velocity; whereas in general relativity we talk about motion which is not constant velocity motion. Motion in which the observer could be speeding up or slowing down or going around a bed, which we call the accelerated motion and also known as generalised motion(like, motion of planets or any other general motion). The move from constant velocity motion to accelerated motion, it turns out, brings in an understanding of force of gravity. Einstein realised that by including generalised motion that would include accelerated motion; he could get an understanding of the force of gravity in terms of warps and curves. We already discussed about general relativity in one of our video and you can go and learn more about it.

Now lets talk about some very important corollaries of special relativity. One of the most famous equation in physics comes from special relativity. The equation—E=m means—“Energy equals mass times the speed of light squared”. It shows that energy and mass are interchangeable: they are different forms of the same thing. If mass is somehow converted into energy, it shows how much energy would reside inside that mass: quiet a lot (This equation is one of the demonstration for why an atomic bomb is so powerful, once its mass is converted into energy or explosion). This equation also shows that mass increases with speed, which effectively put a speed limit on how fast things can move in the universe.Simply we can say that the speed of light(c) is the fastest velocity at which any object can travel. As an object moves, its mass also increases. Near the speed of light, the mass is so high that it reaches infinity, and would require infinite energy to move it(as we have discussed earlier), thus capping how fast an object can move. You all might think that how light travels at that speed? The only reason why light speed moves at this speed is because it consists of photons, which have a rest mass of zero! As an object approaches speed of light, its mass becomes infinite and also the body contracts in the direction of motion. This cosmic speed limit has been a subject of much discussion in physics, and also in science fiction, as people think how to travel through vast distances.

In fact, Einstein realized that the answer is both: space “contracts” and time “dilates”(or slows). Why? If I am sitting in my room on my study table, you would say that I am not moving but in fact, I am moving just not through space but time. Time and space are interchangeable or we can say they are two sides of a coin. So when we move through space, some of the motion can be thought of as being “diverted” into motion through time( and vice-versa), in much the same way as a car travelling north-west diverts some of its northwards motion towards west. Space and time are interrelated somewhat like x and y-axis as shown in figure (Below), the only difference is; that we cannot move ‘only’ through space(we move through time also), we always move through time, when we are at rest we move only through time but when we move through space also, some of our motion through time is diverted towards space and so the time is less that it should be or we can say time is “dilated”.
Thus, the dimension of space and time effect each other, and both space and time are thus relative concepts . This revolutionary idea also helps in better understanding of simultaneity but we will come to that later.

So before we explore and understand the theory of special relativity don’t forget to like the video and subscribe to the channel so that we bring you more amazing science theories and videos.

The concept of time dilation is one of the most fascinating ideas in physics. A Strange conclusion from Einstein’s work is that time moves relative to the observer.

credits: bagogames (cc by 2.0)
credits: Txalien
Credits: Nasa

Video Chapters:
00:00 Introduction
00:22 The Concept of Relativity
02:15 Time Dilation
05:47 Mass-Energy Equivalence
08:35 Implications and Applications

#InsaneCuriosity #Einstein'sTheoryOfSpecialRelativity #einstein

[InsaneCuriosity]

Hey Insane Curiosity Squad! If you liked the video, we would love for you to share it with your friends or on other social networks like Facebook, Reddit, Instagram, TikTok and Twitter, etc... (Since the algorithm is not cooperating in showing us to the public 😅). In just 30 seconds, you will greatly help our Channel to grow and improve future contents. A big thank you from all of us.

[amandamarshall]

I learn something new every video....Thank you again!!😄

[vesuvandoppelganger]

It is possible to derive 2 contradictory time dilation equations. Take a look. The first paragraph below describes the situation with Sally aiming a flashlight straight up and down so that Sally sees the light moving straight up and down and John is outside the spaceship and sees the light forming a triangle with the floor of the spaceship. The second paragraph describes Sally aiming a flashlight towards the left while the spaceship moves to the right. Now the situation is exactly reversed. Sally sees the light forming a triangle with the floor and John sees the light bouncing straight up and down.

Sally is in a moving spaceship. John is outside the spaceship. Sally is moving to the right at .6c. The height of her spaceship is .8 light-seconds. If Sally has a light clock with the light bouncing straight up and down the light will make a 3-4-5 right triangle from the viewpoint of John. If the change in time for Sally is delta T_o and the change in time for John is delta T then the following equation can be derived: delta T = delta T_o/((1-.6^2)^.5). So .8 seconds for Sally = 1 second for John.

Now Sally has a light clock but this time she is holding a flashlight at an angle of 53.13 degrees above the horizontal and pointed to the left. Now the leftward movement of the light exactly matches the rightward movement of the spaceship from John's viewpoint. Now the light is bouncing straight up and down from the viewpoint of John and the light is making a 3-4-5 right triangle from viewpoint of Sally. If the change in time for Sally is delta T_o and the change in time for John is delta T then the following equation can be derived: delta T_o = delta T/((1-.6^2)^.5). So 1 second for Sally = 0.8 seconds for John. The 2 equations are in direct contradiction to each other.

Special relativity is falsified.

[keithbessant]

Einstein's comment about time being a persistent illusion, he made to comfort the widow of his colleague Besso who had just died. It's a pity he didn't discuss this more. The idea that people don't pass away because time doesn't pass, must greatly affect the way we understand life and death.

[vesuvandoppelganger]

THE PARADOX THAT DISPROVES SPECIAL RELATIVITY:

There is a triangle of lights which we will call A, B, and C. They flash simultaneously in the frame of reference that is at rest relative to these lights. There is someone moving at a high rate of speed from B to A. There is someone else moving at a high rate of speed from C to B. There is someone else moving at a high rate of speed from A to C. So A flashes first and then B flashes and then C flashes and then A flashes again. How can A flash twice? When A flashes has B already flashed or not yet flashed?

or

B flashes first and then C flashes and then A flashes and then B flashes again. How can B flash twice? When B flashes has C already flashed or not yet flashed?

or

C flashes first and then A flashes and then B flashes and then C flashes again. How can C flash twice? When C flashes has A already flashed or not yet flashed?

[geetugupta]

This video made me realize that, thinking that your school textbooks are tough is the biggest mistake you can do, there are things that are actually happening way beyond our textbook's scope and are much more complex and interesting....!

[DMBHomes]

A light particle (photon) travels at the speed of light so time slows to zero compared to an observer. Therefore to a photon no matter how far it travels it’s journey is instantaneous. So it may take hundreds of light years for star light to reach Earth but to the photon that hits earth it’s instantaneous. If we could travel at light speed, we could travel any distance because all journeys would be instantaneous to the traveller.

[kimsahl]

"If we are in motion with speed of light" - we are always at rest to the light propagation.

[StarFleet_Tech]

Travel at speed of light, time stops. Faster than light, time goes backwards or approach speed of light, time goes forwards.

[TedToal_TedToal]

So if a moving clock ticks slower relative to an outside observer then doesn’t that mean that an observer moving with the clock sees that outside observer’s clock going slower?

In the twin paradox, if Mark Kelly’s brother went up to the space station, would he be younger than Mark Kelly because he’s been moving on earth relative to the stationery Mark Kelly on the space station? So which one ages relative to the other depends on which one undergoes acceleration to move himself to the other’s reference frame?

[vesuvandoppelganger]

"In May and November, the Earth is moving at "right angles" to the line to Algol. During this time we see minima happening regularly at their 2.867321 day intervals. However, during August, the Earth is rapidly moving towards Algol at about 107, 229 km/hr as explained on my How Fast Are We Moving? page. (The Earth moves approximately 202 times its own size in one day.) So in 2.867321 days the Earth moves about 7, 379, 039 km closer to Algol. _But the varying light from Algol doesn't know this - its light waves left Algol 93 years ago and are travelling at a constant speed._ The result - we "catch a bunch of minima early" during August as shown on Chart 2. Exactly the opposite happens during February - the Earth is moving away from Algol that fast and it takes longer for the group of minima to reach us so we see them taking longer between events. How long? 7, 379, 039 km divided by the speed of light 299, 792.458 km/sec is 24.61382 seconds - this rough calculation explains the deviations we see in Graph 2. So in May and November when we are not moving towards or away from Algol - the period seems constant. It is our rapid movement towards or away from the events in August and February that causes the timing differences."

In February the earth is moving away from Algol and the time between the eclipses is 2.8675875347 days and the light is passing the earth at 186, 265 mi/sec.

In May and November the earth is not moving towards or away from Algol and the time between eclipses is 2.867321 days and the light is passing the earth at 186, 282 mi/sec.

In August the earth is moving towards Algol and the time between eclipses is 2.8670608912 days and the light is passing the earth at 186, 299 mi/sec.

[dosomething]

“What happens when we travel at the speed of light?“ that is an absolutely terrible question. The very question contradicts the very theory of special relativity. Speed has no meaning by itself. We need to specify relative to what. I could claim that right now I am traveling at 1 trillion times the speed of light. And I would be correct. And it wouldn’t mean anything. Because I didn’t specify who is observing me. And what their relative speed is. In order to ask the question correctly I need to ask - “what happens when I travel at the speed of light
relative to a stationary observer?”

[new-knowledge]

Can you really travel into the future by travelling at high velocities?? Think of the seconds hand on a clock. The tip of the hand is moving the fastest. The clock itself, relatively speaking, is not moving at all. Thus people might say that the tip has travelled into the future, yet here it is, still here in the "NOW" time along with the rest of the clock. Or perhaps you could accelerate particles in a collider up to speeds very close to the speed of light, yet here they are throughout the entire experiment still here in the "NOW" time. So you don't actually travel into the future, you simply just travel through time at a slower pace. And then someone might say, well that means that you have travelled into the past since you are younger than your twin who remained on Earth as you took a high speed trip away from Earth and then back again. Your twin is 75 years old, but you are only 25 years old. You travelled into what your brother calls his past. It's all so clear now. LOL

[danapted]

Everything in space is moving and space itself is moving or so it would seem. We do not know what or where in the universe something is standing still. Thus without knowing the starting point we can never know how fast we are moving relative to zero speed. If we send a craft toward the center of our universe at .75 the speed of light and another craft in the opposite direction of the first again at .75 the speed of light then relative to each other they are each moving at 1.5 x the speed of light. Thus to believe Einstein the cosmic speed limit is the speed of light relative to us.
Thus there is no cosmic speed limit. Just a lack of immagination.

[idoittinkeringprojects]

SPACETIME, , a dimension envisaged by Einstein. What is it? But, I m not explaining it as Einstein suggested it to be. I m taking up his suggestion of this dimension and percieve it differently.

Technically, its about fitting time into the geometry of the 3 dimensions of space, boggling our common rationale. How can this be? As time is kinetic, while space is static.

Perhaps, if we revise our perception of space. That it is kinetic too. We can link up these 4 dimensions. How is space connected with time? As time is needed to move from one position to another. So, time can be related to space, and quantify it.

If space is kinetic, then, its not absolute but eternal. Its expanding in tandem with time. At what rate? Let's define space as that volume within the edge of the universe that is lighted up.

As speed of light is per sec, it means the diameter of spherical space is increasing at per sec. So, at 1 second of universe beginning out of first sight of light, space is across. N with each succeeding seconds., multiples of it. That the universe is 14 billion light years, it will mean, space is 14 billion light years across.

Now that these 4 dimensions r at a common platform, we can visualise the SPACETIME dimension.

Lets take this new reality and understand what's this relativity is all about.

When we are still, then, in one second, light will hv speeded past us n our space has expanded in diameter.

As we progress to move towards the speed of light, our speeded reference frame is dilating time and compressing space.

As our reference frame touched the speed of light, our time stopped, as its the same as the speed of light. Moments of time cancell out. And our space becomes absolute, no longer expanding. As we r moving at the same rate of expansion.

An observer out of our reference frame will experience the regular movements of both time and space. When both meet, there ll be disparity in time observed. As for space, because its out of view, it will be unnoticed.

[prakashparajuli]

If a nuclear rocket moves at 99.99% the speed of light by really powerful laser propultion//
Since the whole rocket is travelling at speed of light It must then travel at speed of light, we must be able to increase speed by least 0.02% the speed of light//
How is this formula? Please comment//

[stewiesaidthat]

Where is the proof that objects in motion experience less time? Less time = less energy. Where is the proof that less energy was consumed?

[gideonbolt]

You have over complicated it, Einstein said that time is relative to velocity, so the faster you go the more time you get, this stems from the physics law that all energy is interconnected, you dont need to go into that much, what einstein didnt tell you is that also gravity is relative to velocity as it must be.
Thank you