Part 01 SECOND PHASE OF INDIAN NATIONAL MOVEMENT CHAPTER - 4 ICSE CLASS 10 | SHILPI MAAM

Second Phase of the Indian National Movement (1905-1916)

Brief mention of the causes of the Partition of Bengal and its perspective by the Nationalists.
Brief mention of Surat Split of 1907; objectives and methods of struggle of the Assertive Nationalists. Any two contributions of Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Bipin Chandra Pal and
Lala Lajpat Rai.

Second Phase of The Indian National Movement 1905 to 1916 ICSE Class 10 History

Scope of Syllabus:
• Causes of the Partition of Bengal and its perspective by the Nationalists.
• Surat Split of 1907.
• Objectives of assertive Nationalists.
• Methods of Assertive Nationalists.
• Any 2 Contributions of – Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Bipin Chandra Pal and Lala Lajpat Rai.

Introduction –
Lord Curzon was the viceroy of India from 1899-1905. His tenure of office was marked with controversies one of his administrative measures that resulted in strong resentment was the Partition of Bengal in 1905.

The Presidency of Bengal was the most thickly populated province in British India. It comprised Bengal, Bihar, Odisha, Chota Nagpur and other remote areas. On July 20, 1905 Lord Curzon announced the division of the province of Bengal into the following 2 provinces:
1) ‘Bengal’ which comprised of Western districts of Bengal Proper, Bihar and Odisha. Calcutta was made its capital. It was dominated by non-Bengali population.
2) ‘Eastern Bengal and Assam’ which comprised of the eastern districts of Bengal Proper and Assam. Dacca was its capital. It was dominated by Bengali Muslims.

The scheme of partition of Bengal was implemented on Oct. 16, 1905.

Cause of Partition of Bengal –
• According to British, the partition of Bengal was an administrative necessity because the province of Bengal was too big to be efficiently administered by a single provincial government.
• To stop the rising tide of nationalism as Bengal was the nerve centre of Indian Nationalism at that time.
• To curb the Bengali influence by dividing it into two administrations and reducing them to a minority in Bengal.
• To divide Bengal into two religious based divisions – East Bengal would be a Muslim Majority State and West Bengal, a Hindu Majority.

The Indian nationalists condemned the Partition of Bengal on the following grounds –
1) It was a deliberate attempt to divide the Bengalis on religious and territorial grounds and thus disrupt and weaken nationalism in Bengal.
2) The administrative efficiency could have been better secured by separating Hindi-speaking Bihar and the Odiya- speaking Odisha from the Bengali- speaking part of the province.
3) The announcement of Partition was made without any regard for the public opinion and it hurt the sentiments of sensitive Bengalis.
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Thank you ma'am for the easy explanation ❤