What is Judaism? Where did it start? What are the beliefs? How many people practice it?

Judaism is one of the oldest monotheistic religions, dating back thousands of years and impacting countless cultures and societies. But what exactly is Judaism?
Judaism traces its origins to around 4,000 years ago, beginning with the story of Abraham in the ancient Middle East. According to tradition, God made a covenant with Abraham, promising him descendants and a land for his people, forming the foundation of what would become Judaism. Through figures like Moses and King David, and events such as the Exodus from Egypt, the Jewish people formed a unique identity, rich in beliefs, traditions, and laws.
Judaism is built on the belief in one, all-powerful God. This God is compassionate, just, and involved in the lives of humans. Central to Judaism is the Torah, a sacred text containing teachings, stories, and commandments. Observing these commandments is a key part of Jewish practice. Many Jews celebrate weekly Shabbat, a day of rest, and mark festivals like Passover, Yom Kippur, and Hanukkah. These rituals help Jews connect with God, their history, and their communities.
The Torah is the first five books of the Hebrew Bible, and it’s considered the foundation of Jewish law and teaching. But Jewish learning doesn’t stop there. The Talmud, a collection of discussions and interpretations by ancient rabbis, helps guide Jews in understanding the Torah and applying its lessons in daily life. Together, these texts shape Jewish thought, ethics, and traditions.
Judaism is not a monolithic culture or practice. There are different communities within Judaism, each with unique customs, languages, and foods. Ashkenazi Jews, for instance, have roots in Central and Eastern Europe, while Sephardic Jews trace their heritage to Spain, North Africa, and the Middle East. Despite these cultural variations, they all share a common heritage and core beliefs.
Today, Judaism is practiced by over 14 million people worldwide, with vibrant communities in Israel, the United States, and across the globe. Jewish life today is diverse, encompassing a range of religious observances from Orthodox to Reform, and everything in between. Judaism isn’t just a religion; it’s also a way of life, a culture, and a shared history that continues to adapt and thrive.
So, what is Judaism? It’s an ancient tradition rooted in faith, community, and a deep connection to history. Judaism continues to inspire and shape the lives of millions, providing a sense of purpose, identity, and belonging.