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The Battle of Britain

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In this week in military history, we focus on the first major military campaign in the air of World War II – the Battle of Britain.
Despite the Treaty of Versailles forbidding Germany to possess an air force, by the beginning of WWII, the Luftwaffe was one of the best trained force in the world. The Luftwaffe, as a ground support force, had been instrumental in Germany’s conquering of Western Europe.
Just days before France fell, Britain’s Prime Minister Winston Churchill had given a speech stating, “the Battle of France is over. I expect the Battle of Britain is about to begin."
The Germans were ill prepared for a full invasion of Great Britain after their victory in France. Air Marshall Herman Göring thought the Luftwaffe could destroy Britain’s Royal Air Force (the RAF), thus securing the necessary air superiority that any German land invasion would require.
On July 10, 1940, Germans began bombing British soil. On August 13, operation 'Adlertag' (Eagle Day) commenced, hitting air bases, aircraft factories, cities, radar stations, and more.
September 15th became known as Battle of Britain Day and the climax of the air battle. The Luftwaffe launched its largest and most concentrated attack against London.
Germany lost 56 planes that day while the RAF lost 40. With their more maneuverable planes, radar technology, and the force of the country behind them, the RAF was able to claim superiority in the skies. During the months-long Battle of Britain, the RAF was shooting down German planes faster than German industry could replace them.
Had the Luftwaffe focused on destroying the RAF alone, rather than switching to focus on British cities as a reprisal for an inadvertent RAF raid, then German dreams of a successful invasion may well have been realized. Britain remained unbroken and provided a rallying point for occupied Europe and Germany eventually turned eastwards, against the Soviet Union. refocused for a drawn-out battle across multiple fronts.
Join us next time for another segment of This Week in Military History with the Pritzker Military Museum & Library.
In this week in military history, we focus on the first major military campaign in the air of World War II – the Battle of Britain.
Despite the Treaty of Versailles forbidding Germany to possess an air force, by the beginning of WWII, the Luftwaffe was one of the best trained force in the world. The Luftwaffe, as a ground support force, had been instrumental in Germany’s conquering of Western Europe.
Just days before France fell, Britain’s Prime Minister Winston Churchill had given a speech stating, “the Battle of France is over. I expect the Battle of Britain is about to begin."
The Germans were ill prepared for a full invasion of Great Britain after their victory in France. Air Marshall Herman Göring thought the Luftwaffe could destroy Britain’s Royal Air Force (the RAF), thus securing the necessary air superiority that any German land invasion would require.
On July 10, 1940, Germans began bombing British soil. On August 13, operation 'Adlertag' (Eagle Day) commenced, hitting air bases, aircraft factories, cities, radar stations, and more.
September 15th became known as Battle of Britain Day and the climax of the air battle. The Luftwaffe launched its largest and most concentrated attack against London.
Germany lost 56 planes that day while the RAF lost 40. With their more maneuverable planes, radar technology, and the force of the country behind them, the RAF was able to claim superiority in the skies. During the months-long Battle of Britain, the RAF was shooting down German planes faster than German industry could replace them.
Had the Luftwaffe focused on destroying the RAF alone, rather than switching to focus on British cities as a reprisal for an inadvertent RAF raid, then German dreams of a successful invasion may well have been realized. Britain remained unbroken and provided a rallying point for occupied Europe and Germany eventually turned eastwards, against the Soviet Union. refocused for a drawn-out battle across multiple fronts.
Join us next time for another segment of This Week in Military History with the Pritzker Military Museum & Library.
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