sorting algorithms explained visually

sorting algorithms are fundamental algorithms in computer science that arrange the elements of a list or array in a particular order, typically in ascending or descending order. below is an informative tutorial that explains several common sorting algorithms visually, along with code examples in python.

1. bubble sort

**description**: bubble sort repeatedly steps through the list, compares adjacent elements, and swaps them if they are in the wrong order. this process is repeated until the list is sorted.

**visual explanation**:
- start with an unsorted list.
- compare the first two elements, swap them if necessary.
- move to the next pair and repeat the process until the end of the list.
- the largest element "bubbles" to the end of the list in each pass.

**code example**:

2. selection sort

**description**: selection sort divides the input list into two parts: the sorted part and the unsorted part. it repeatedly selects the smallest (or largest) element from the unsorted part and moves it to the end of the sorted part.

**visual explanation**:
- start with an unsorted list.
- find the minimum element in the list.
- swap it with the first element of the list.
- move the boundary of the sorted and unsorted parts one element to the right.

**code example**:

3. insertion sort

**description**: insertion sort builds a sorted array one element at a time. it iterates through the list, taking one element and placing it in the correct position in the sorted portion of the list.

**visual explanation**:
- start with the first element as the sorted portion.
- take the next element and insert it into the correct position in the sorted portion.
- repeat until the entire list is sorted.

**code example**:

4. merge sort

**description**: merge sort is a divide-and-conquer algorithm that divides the unsorted list into n sublists, each containing one element. then it repeatedly merges sublists to produce new sorted sublists until there is only one sublist left.

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