The SPANISH-AMERICAN War [APUSH Review Unit 7 Topic 3] Period 7: 1898-1945

AP HEIMLER REVIEW GUIDE (formerly known as the Ultimate Review Packet):

Instagram: @heimlers_history

In this video Heimler takes you through Unit 7 Topic 3 of the AP U.S. History curriculum which is set in period 7 (1898-1945).

America got its big boy imperial pants on as a result of the Spanish American War in 1898. It started in part because of American outrage regarding Spanish atrocities in Cuba. Thanks to yellow journalists like William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer who published highly sensationalized accounts of the Spanish incursion, the American public put pressure on decision makers to declare war with Spain.

America won the war handily, and afterwards, the effects were all out of proportion to the war itself. Cuba was saddled with the Platt Amendment which kept U.S. interests safe in the newly independent country. And Spain ceded the Philippines to the United States in what became the first in a growing American empire.

Everything in this video covers Unit 7 topic 3 of the AP U.S. History Curriculum, and all the key concepts thereunto appertaining.

[pastamanhd]

Timestamps:
0:14 Spanish American War (1898)
0:38 Yellow Journalism, Joseph Pulitzer, William Randolph Hearst
1:19 USS Maine (1898)
2:27 Platt Amendment
3:28 Emilio Aguinaldo
4:10 Queen Liliuokalani
4:23 Open Door Policy, Spheres of Influence
4:51 John Hat, Open Door Note

[joelrebollar]

Thank you for everything you've ever done. Thanks to you, my 66 hour long all-nighter payed off with passing my first college level class last year.

[euca]

Heimler always drops the videos the day that I have tests for Apush. TY HEIMLER <3. Also to address 3:29 in the video, Aguinaldo thought that the US was helping the Philippines gain independence because he thought that the US would sympathize with the Filipino cause and se e that they were trying to do what the US had done back when they were a colony of Britain. Another thing to mention is that there were no Filipino representatives for the Treaty of Paris, and they didn't even know that the nation was sold to the Americans, hence the confusion of the Filipino people.

[sagesigdel]

Could you do another full period review? I love those

[americanhistorygeek]

Excellent video! President McKinley doesn’t get talked about enough. The effect and influence that he had on the United States and the world was massive. Like or dislike him, it’s undeniable that he completely changed the trajectory of American history.

[ryuorg]

my notes, lmk if anything is incorrect!

– What was yellow journalism? Yellow journalism was exaggerated and biased stories rather than facts. In this case, it exaggerated the acts committed by the Spanish against the cubans. When people read about this, Americans decided we needed to “help” Cuba.
– When the USS MAINE ship blew up, yellow journalists blamed it on the Spanish. America went to war with Spain and won which started the imperialist game.
– The Platt Amendment allowed Americans to intervene in Cuba if they wanted to (so Cuba wasn’t really independent..)
– America got a hold of the Philippines and although they tried to fight off, America still held on. However, the Philippines was really far away so America also wanted Hawaii (middle islands betweens America and Philippines)
– Open door policy: equal trade in China

[trevormagness]

Some clarifications: While a modern investigation in the 1970s concluded that the explosion of the Maine was accidental, the investigation of 1898 after the explosion concluded it was the result of a Spanish mine. Also, while Spain, in 1897, did respond to American pressure by withdrawing the General Valeriano Weyler from the island (thus ending his concentration camp policy), in 1898 they rejected the U.S. demands for Cuban autonomy. Lastly, while the Cuban rebellion of 1895 didn't achieve all its goals, it was still alive and kicking in 1898 in sort of a stalemate situation.

An interesting fact from the Spanish side of things. Their monarchy knew in advance that they would lose a war for Cuba against the U.S., but had calculated that losing a war against the U.S for Cuba was preferable to just giving Cuba independence. Why? Because they had calculated that if they just gave Cuba up it would result in revolution by nationalists in Spain against the government and perhaps lead to the fall of the monarchy. Instead they decided to lose a war to save the monarchy!

[ayon]

Industrialists and politicians wanted to expand an American Empire.
Cuba was one of the most wanted territories which was a Spanish colony.
Cuban nationalists fought against the Spanish but were humiliated
Yellow Journalism was a style of newspaper reporting that emphasized sensationalism over facts. Journalists were competing against each other. They published news that exaggerated the atrocities happening in Cuba by the Spanish. America must intervene in the situation as a humanitarian thing.

In 1898, the American battleship USS Maine exploded in Havana Harbor (200 deaths). Yellow Journalists jumped into conclusion that this was caused by Spain without any investment. It was indeed caused by Spain but as an accident.

The US threatened Spain to back off, they agreed, yet the US declared war. The United States won.

Effect of war:
Cuba gained independence but wasn’t that great. Platt amendment was inserted in the Cuban constitution which allowed the US to intervene Cuba militarily if American economic interests were threatened.
Annexation of Philippines to the United States for $20 millie from Spain after US started bombarding the Spanish fleet stationed there
The Philippines felt that the US was helping them gain independence which wasn’t true at all. Actually their colonial rule just shifted from Spain to the US. As a result, the Philippines war. The US held off the Philippines until World War ii.
The Philippines was too far, so the US was looking for islands in the pacific. HAWAII.
The Open Door Policy was a U.S. initiative in the early 1900s to ensure equal trade opportunities in China for all nations and prevent exclusive control by any single country. It aimed to preserve China's territorial integrity and maintain open access to its markets. Helped US economy in the Asia

[rinam]

Are you going to do videos on microeconomics after ap gov?

[raafaymaqbool]

Hey thank you for always posting these, theyre great reviews i appreciate it

[witimesh]

WHY WAS THIS IN MY MUSIC PLAYLIST... (great vid tho! keep up the work.)

[NiceGuyEddy]

Spain actually rejected the U.S. ultimatum and instead, Spain declared war. 2:03

[syhrox]

I debated tendencies of american exceptionalism in the yellow press in my history Thesis.

[anthonydecastro]

Quite accurate, but you should have mentioned two other island groups that are still US territories: Guam and Puerto Rico...

[liliblack]

Thanks, I have a DBQ in....20 minutes

[corderomiles]

Hopefully everyone understands who the Cubans were in the picture when the spanish overtook the island..(the "13 odds" story as well) The guy with the big hat.. the hats that were also used in meso america when it came to farming and he also was carrying a sword? ... but hands was tied.US on the back? . this is the now "black man" hidden.

[The-Big-Boss]

One discrepancy I believe needs to be cleared up is the Ultimatum that was sent to Spain, was sent before the U.S.S. Maine incident. Then yellow journalists sensationalized it, leading to the war with Spain.

[hodgepodgevideos]

Where is unit one in the playlist? Is there one? Also, when did he mention how the queen of Hawaii was overthrown? Did I miss something?

[picklez]

Fun fact: Citizen Kane is based off of william randolph hearst.

[Slowbaru]

we were just free from the spanish but suddenly the americans occupied us -"Philippine -American War"