Osmosis Animation and Experiments

Transcript:
Before we can talk about osmosis, let’s do a quick review about solutions. Solutions have a solute (like salt, or sugar) that gets dissolved in a solvent (such as water). OK, so now that we know what solutions are, check out this experiment.
This tube has a membrane right here that separates two solutions. The solution on the right has a higher concentration of solute and the solution on the left has a lower concentration of solute. Make a hypothesis: what do you think is going to happen?
Now, watch what happens over time.
Did you notice that the level of blue solution on the right went up and the level of solution on the left went down? Can you explain why this occurs?
This happened because of osmosis! Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a semi-permeable or selectively permeable membrane, such as the plasma membrane that surrounds cells.
During osmosis, water diffuses down its concentration gradient, from higher to lower water concentration, just like other molecules or ions. You can also say that water moves from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration.
Sometimes this confuses people, but if you think about it, it makes sense. For example, a solution with 1% solute is 99% water, but a solution with 20% solute is only 80% water. The higher the solute concentration, the lower the water concentration, and vice versa.
In our experiment, water moved toward the area with the higher solute concentration. Here’s an easy way to remember the direction that water will flow during osmsosis: Water follows solute! If you can remember that, you’re basically all set!
But, we do use a few terms to describe relative solute concentrations that you need to know.
1. HYPERTONIC: If we are comparing 2 solutions, the area with the higher solute concentration is HYPERTONIC. Water will always flow across a membrane toward the hypertonic solution! Remember, water follows solute!
2. HYPOTONIC: This is the solution with a lower solute concentration. Water will leave a hypotonic solution by osmosis.
3. ISOTONIC: If two solutions have the same solute concentrations, they are isotonic. The amount of water moving between isotonic solutions is equal so there is no net change in water amounts between the two solutions.
Now, let’s look at some real blood cells undergoing osmosis. These cells are in a hypotonic solution. Make a hypothesis: What do you think will happen?
The cells popped because water moved into them by osmosis. The cells cytoplasm has a higher concentration of solute than the distilled water that they are floating in, so water rushed in and caused them to explode!
Now, let’s look at the opposite effect. Here is an egg that has had its shell removed by being soaked in vinegar overnight. We are going to soak it in corn syrup, a HYPERTONIC solution. Look at how thick the corn syrup is! That is because it is very concentrated with sugar, a solute. Let’s speed this up. Watch what happens as the egg soaks in the Hypertonic corn syrup. Notice how it shrinks and becomes shriveled up, like a raisin. This is because it loses water due to osmosis!

Used with permission: Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed)

[abdelrahmanarafeh]

How does a 4 minute video explain more than my teacher in a whole week

[Prince]

Your teaching skills clear all my doubts amazing Sir nice

[spxken]

you are the best biology teacher i've ever seen thank you so much for your effort and please upload more oftenly WE NEED IT! thanks so much <3

[Anonymous-mhsl]

Just wondering: I think it would be great if your channel expanded beyond Biology and maybe into Chemistry, you seem to be really great at that too!

[Rickrole]

Wth "water follows solute" just solves everything!!
Tysm ❤

[luckisim]

0:54 - 1:25 : "Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a semi-permeable or selectively permeable membrane, such as the plasma membrane that surrounds cells.
During osmosis, water diffuses down its concentration gradient, from higher to lower water concentration. Just like other molecules or ions.
You can also say that water moves from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration.
Sometimes this confuses people, but if you think about it it makes sense."

It's purely magnificent as a definition of osmosis, because in French the definition of osmosis seems to make water pass as a molecule which does the opposite of diffusion (the opposite movement) but now I understand well that this is not the case, it is just that one of the definitions of osmosis (surely the most common) describes the movement of water in relation to solutes! Thank you very much and infinitely! 🙏🏽

[teztdxc]

Thank you so much Bioman! This video really helped me with my biology test that had osmosis. God bless love from Pakistan ☪️🇵🇰💚

[somethingdifferent]

So helpful. I was a bit confused about the solute and solution part but now its clear.Thank you ❤

[dorotheasarli]

Very clear explanation - thank you! Will use this in class!!

[Youna]

That was a great way of explaining osmosis thank you!!

[Anonymous-mhsl]

Can't wait for the next video! What will it be about?

[theanywho]

thanks for this explanation, you're a hero BioMan !!

[shamchoukate]

Please make video on female reproductive system (I find zoology a bit difficult) you are my favourite bio teacher!!! please!!!

[eyutup]

2:10 Bro you use both the same solution (sugar in water), so its should be called "hyperosmolar" instead of "hypertonic".
Hyper/hypo/iso-tonicity are used to compare onr solution to another type solution (like sugar solution to salt solution). While hyper/hypo/iso-osmolarity are used to compare the same type of solution (sugar solution with another sugar solution).
CMIIW

[calebmydood]

I have a question about cellular respiration. Is there a difference between fermentation and anaerobic respiration? Becuase I have heard that Anaerobic respiration is like aerobic respiration, but with a different electron acceptor at the end of the electron transport chain. But I’ve also heard from a lot of people, that fermentation and anaerobic respiration are the same thing.

[sldw]

Hello sir thanks for the video. Is the reason why water wants to flow to higher solute concentration because dissolved substances such as salt, sugar applies a "force" to water molecules which cause them to be attracted? I want to understand "physics" of the topic but no source proivdes fundamental physical reason of why water flows there. Thanks

[suzzyr]

Hey, you're super inspiring. Thank you 🫶

[warrensandor]

Can you share where you purchased the u-tube apparatus? I have not been able to find it anywhere and think it would be really useful for some simple experiments.

[shashanksingh]

I have a doubt. Why books teach us osmosic happens high to low concentration in india? Plz clear my doubt

[HENGDaravuth]

So what is osmotic pressure? Is it relate to osmosis