Beginner s guide to hoisting in javascript

hoisting is a fundamental concept in javascript that refers to the behavior of variable and function declarations being moved to the top of their containing scope during the compilation phase. this means that variables can be referenced before they are declared in the code, which can lead to unexpected results. however, it's important to note that only the declarations are hoisted, not the initializations. as a result, if you try to access a variable before its declaration, it will be `undefined`. functions, on the other hand, are fully hoisted, allowing them to be called before their actual definition in the code. understanding hoisting is crucial for avoiding common pitfalls and writing predictable, bug-free code. to effectively manage variable scopes, developers should adhere to best practices, such as declaring variables at the top of their scope and using `let` and `const` to mitigate issues associated with hoisting.
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