Down Syndrome - Signs & Symptoms (Clinical Features), And Long-Term Complications

Down syndrome is the most common autosomal trisomy, and it is the most common genetic cause for severe cognitive dysfunction.
The risk of getting down syndrome increases with advanced maternal age.
In this video, our primary goal is to discover the features and long-term complications of down syndrome.
Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes in their somatic cells.
Individuals with down syndrome have an additional chromosome in their 21st pair of chromosomes, which is called trisomy 21.
Children with down syndrome have a characteristic cranio-facial appearance, called “Down facies”.
They have a flat nasal bridge, as indicated by the red arrow in this image.
They also have Brushfield spots in their eyes, characterized by tiny, white spots in the periphery of the iris.
Their mouths are small, hence the tongue protrudes out.
They also have a high-arched palate.
Other features include, low-set ears and small nose.
Flat occiput.
Short neck.
Single palmar crease.
In-curved fifth finger, also known as clinodactyly.
Large fingers.
And a wide sandal gap.
Finally, the long-term problems in children with down syndrome include the following.
Delayed motor milestones.
Short stature.
Learning difficulties.
Increased susceptibility to infection.
Congenital heart defects.
Hearing impairment.
Visual impairment.
Acquired hip dislocation.
Obstructive sleep apnea.
Increased risk of leukemia and solid tumors.
Increased risk of hypothyroidism and celiac disease.
Epilepsy.
And early-onset Alzheimer’s disease.

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[brianmadsen]

Apparently AI voiceover quality has now surpassed American healthcare system quality