Bike Geometry 101 - What is Stack and Reach? Why is it important? How do you use it?

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I am a father to two wonderful boys, Nicholas and Alexander. I am a bike shop owner/bike fitter/coach in San Marcos - San Elijo Hills... and Hall of Fame Ultra Cyclist - of 3 different cycling organizations.

I climbed 1,000,000 feet in 2015 in only 10 months (legitimate gain no iPhone Strava app or Elevation Correction which gives you more gain).  I repeated 1M feet of climbing in 2016 and 2018 and 2019 I have also Everested 9X -- 29,029 feet in one single ride #everesting .
I currently hold the record for the shortest distance Everest in North and South America 29,200 feet in 78 miles.

I have been named a legendary Ultra Cyclist– a title I consistently work hard to live up to because of what it means in the small ultra cycling community.

I completed 2- Person Race Across America (RAAM) in 2007. I have finished the Furnace Creek 508 SOLO (508 miles 35,000 feet of climbing non-stop race) six consecutive years in 2006, 2007 (Fixed Gear) 2008, 2009, 2010 2011, then came back in 2013 (tandem) and 2014 (Tandem) 2015 (tandem) and 2017 as a Two Person Mixed setting the course record with Lori Hoechlin. A total of 11 Furnace Creek/Silver State 508 finishes with a PR of 28 hours 52 minutes. I was inducted in the Furnace Creek 508 Hall of Fame class of 2011.

I am a Trans Iowa finisher (only 57 finishers out of 250 participants in the last five years at the time). Trans-Iowa is 320 mile (course varies yearly) totally unsupported gravel race held under adventure racing format.

I have also attained Super Randonneur (200km, 300km, 400km and 600km unsupported events) multiple years. I am a cycling coach with clients ranging from endurance cyclists, competitive triathletes, and beginners just entering the sport of cycling.

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California Double Century History 65 Doubles as of April 2021 Many Triple Centuries and so much more

[grantmcalpine]

So glad you're doing this. The more we know, the better.

[npdf]

Excellent overview George your explanation techniques are very good and easy for anyone to understand.. great channel 🤩🚴👍

[WowRixter]

I like that Bianchi chart and the fact that it includes the B1 measurement. The offset behind the BB is so important yet so overlooked on many manufacturers geometry charts

[MrSandperson]

I thought it funny you compared the Infinito to the XR4. When I was shopping 2 years ago, I was calling Bianchi dealers in my area looking for an Infinito in a 53 or 55. Here's how the conversation went -
"Do you have an Infinito CV in 53 or 55?"
"No...but we do have an Oltre XR3 in a 55...it's got Chorus 11spd on it...and it's a leftover from last year so it's on sale..."
"TAKE MY MONEY!!! 🙂"

Great video on the explanation of stack and reach.

[litchips]

The most important number for me is reach at your desired stack (height where you want the bottom of stem to attach to steerer relative to BB)
The formula I use is:
reach_at_desired_stack = frame_reach - (desired_stack - frame_stack)/tan(head_angle)
Then you can directly compare different frames in terms of where the steerer axis is going to be relative to the BB at the height you want
If you get this right, you can generally get the handlebar where you want with right number of spacers or stem length/angle.
The height of spacers becomes:

[flyingkangaroo]

Geometry Geeks is very helpful too to compare bike geometries

[atassisamer]

Great review! Is a 1.7 cm lower stack noticeable, If reach is the same on two bikes ?

[crimson]

Thank god for endurace bikes, I have a short torso so once I'm on one them I end up in a more aggressive position that many of my fellow riders who are on race bikes. I'm in the minority but still its great.

Any race bike can fit me with a shorter stem and a loads of spacers. But it handles like shit and looks even shitter.

[jarhead]

What a retrogrouch. No endurance bikes, disc brakes, float on pedals, on and on. newsflash, not everyone is you.

[pN]

ahhh. Thats why I can't reach the drops on my tarmac and my helium.