Central dogma (replication, transcription and translation)

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The central dogma of molecular biology is an explanation of the flow of genetic information within a biological system. It was first stated by Francis Crick in 1958[1] and re-stated in a Nature paper published in 1970:[2]
To appreciate the significance of the concept, note that Crick had misapplied the term "dogma" in ignorance. In evolutionary or molecular biological theory, either then or subsequently, Crick's proposal had nothing to do with the correct meaning of "dogma". He subsequently documented this error in his autobiography.

The dogma is a framework for understanding the transfer of sequence information between sequential information-carrying biopolymers, in the most common or general case, in living organisms. There are 3 major classes of such biopolymers: DNA and RNA (both nucleic acids), and protein. There are 3×3 = 9 conceivable direct transfers of information that can occur between these. The dogma classes these into 3 groups of 3: 3 general transfers (believed to occur normally in most cells), 3 special transfers (known to occur, but only under specific conditions in case of some viruses or in a laboratory), and 3 unknown transfers (believed never to occur). The general transfers describe the normal flow of biological information: DNA can be copied to DNA (DNA replication), DNA information can be copied into mRNA (transcription), and proteins can be synthesized using the information in mRNA as a template (translation).[2] Source of the article published in description is Wikipedia. I am sharing their material. Copyright by original content developers of Wikipedia.

[ayushigupta]

similarity between RNA poly and DNA poly activities in prokaryote include
1) requirement for a template
2) requirement for primer
3) synthesis of the nascent chain in 5' to 3' direction
4) the 3' to 5' exonuclease editing function
Answer given in book is 1, 2, 3
is it correct?

[samridhitiwari]

introns are the non coding sequence then why are the exons chopped away as they are the real coding sequence and should bereleased as mature mrna? why are introns collected by editing as mature mrna?

[shyamdeepsingh]

Sir u have mentioned that introns come together and exons are chopped away!? Exons are important...😁. Kya sir itni jaldi mat Karo. By the way hats off to your work. I love Ur lectures..ek Baar me hi samajh aajata h

[snehayadav]

Sir your molecular biology and principles are enough for the jnu MSc entrance life science plz reply

[nik.p]

Well, u teach really very good, keep it up..
God bless you

[selfull]

"Dogma" has forgotten one thing, I believe; if genetics has an impact on everyone, then everyone has an impact on genetics.
If genetics/DNA can be calculated in time, then it implies that there is a beginning to it. Where is it coming from then?
Opposing itself would be a logical way to describe it.
Then RNA/epigenetics would be valued by single life experience and their environment then transferred/transcribed genealogically as DNA, at a value requirement that is above my current understanding but to which I am researching towards and which would logically be fulfilled in either time/generations or value/new life experience.
If changes in time can be noticed in DNA, then changes in our time will be seen in our successors one (our kid's one), later on.

What is needed is to figure out "how" this mechanism works, exactly and how someone could show it like it's been demonstratwd in animals and nature, before. I would like to know if anyone has an input on that. People seems to inherit a bigger part of their RNA/DNA from their grandparents rather than their parents but all awhile inheriting from them too, without a doubt. Like it can been seen in nature and animal kingdom with the fibonacci sequence, for example.

What I'm trying to say is that a plant's leaves don't grow all on one side and skips a level to balance itself, having for effect that if a "fuck up" happens, it doesn't go downward spiral from that point on, leading towards an imminent failure. It balances itself and carry on. That seems to be the same mechanism that happens in human's genetics but has never been demonstrated before. If I take myself for example; being 6'1 and both my parents being under 5'5, it is clear that I did not inherit that from either of them. All awhile I did, without a doubt, inherit values from both. Same goes for most of my cousins.

Is there a way anyone could think of, to prove the variations brought by a single value/life experience?


Side note
I believe RNA is being transcribed in the amygdala, more precisely and that's due to a couple facts that I have logically correlated together; we share the subcortical brain with mamals and if you take Australian sheppards dogs, for example, which we share that part of the brain with; this dog has been breed to herd other animals on farms, for long enough that new born coming from families that haven't been used to herd on farms, for many generations are born, today with that skill that their ancestors have been taught, right at birth, as if it was “instinct”.

Meaning that there is a transfer of memory being made subconsciously. Behaviors as such can been observed in many breeds of dogs like Labradors, for example, in which physiological changes can even be noticed wth their webbed paws and enlarged tails to facilitate them swimming and navigating in water and which have been breed to help fishermen in Newfoundland Labrador, Canada, less than 200 years ago.

Also because of the differences in male and female brains and the difference in their lifestyle, in history. The man living a more nomadic and eventful life, required to pass down more information than the women who lived a more routinely and sedentary lifestyle. Staying in safe and known environment, therefore requiring less new experiences or trauma to be passed down, explaining why the amygdala is bigger in male and smaller female brain. That would explain the inheritance differences between both sex, as well.

That's where I'm at right now and what I am currently researching but I found out that male and female hormones, estrogen and testosterone plays a big role too, which correlates with both sex's insulin tolerance and metabolism.

As men grows older, they deplete their testosterone hormones up to andropause; their insulin resistance increases in association with increased triglycerides and decreased HDL cholesterol(good cholesterol). And as women grows older, they deplete their estrogen hormones up to menopause; their insulin tolerance decrease in association with decreased triglycerides and decreased HDL. The exact opposite but which is the point where inheritance of illnesses and disorders are the same in men and women.

Meaning that: More testosterone = less insulin tolerance, more LDL(bad cholesterol), and transferring more genetical variations.
And that: More estrogen =more insulin tolerance, more HDL(bad cholesterol), and transferring less genetical variations.

Im getting close but if anyone has input on that, too, I'd love to discuss it with anyone who grasp the concept and who's knowledgeable since I have only carried studies of my own, based on scientific researches.
Thank you.

[sashikantaparida]

Sir coding region is exon....u r saying intron

[agustd]

Is this playlist in order? Basic Molecular Biology?

[arpitahalder]

did u follow this molecular biology series from Bruce Albert? or r there some other lectures based on that book

[nik.p]

1 correction***
"Introns" are chopped away not exons...
Exons are coding sections of mRNA
Maybe...by mistake, you might have told that ...

[pranavbvn]

is the dna replication in prokaryotes in the plasmid? Or is it that there is no replication in prokaryotes? please answer. thanks!

[ayushigupta]

sir i m using arihant ugc-csir tutir life science book and doing questions from it but i have a doubt in ans kindly help

[ankitachoudhury]

if there are 5 exons in a gene how many introns will be there?

[snehayadav]

Sir it's enough for iit jam exam point of you