Human Immune System - How it works! (Animation)

In this animation, we will explain the human immune system with high-quality graphics never seen before. The phagocytosis of macrophages, the formation of T cells in the thymus, and the microbiome of the skin are explained.

00:20 Skin and microbiome as defense mechanism
01:18 Mucous membranes with cilia
01:55 Coughing as a protective reflex
02:15 Formation of immune cells from stem cells
03:15 Diapedesis of granulocytes
03:52 Chemotaxis of immune cells
04:19 Phagocytosis of bacteria
04:55 Macrophages as antigen-presenting cells
06:03 Formation of T cells (thymopoiesis)
07:35 Cytotoxic T cells and apoptosis
08:46 Different types of T cells
09:05 B cells, plasma cells and antibody formation
11:14 Opsonization of antigens
11:43 Types of immune cells
11:58 Platelet formation in bone marrow
12:38 Hemostasis (blood clotting, coagulation)

[May_Day]

Be nice to yourself, and never feel lonely. Cuz billions and billions of your cells are fighting for you and protecting you with their lives.

[Puffshroom.]

As a neutrophil, this was very accurate, good job. 👏

[dimitrimartiny]

What an amazing video! High quality and clearly explained without being too quick!

[cappsnewcarr]

Terrific way of depicting complex systems visually, and much easier to understand than in books.

[LanceDaugherty]

The immune system has never been so epic. Very interesting and nice animation.

[sewatweaty]

Oh man I didn't want it to end. That was a good video please do a part 2 thank you.

[wem-cf]

Extremely amazing!!! Wonderful animation and spectacular music and clear narration! Thank you!

[duelingsora]

The information is presented as if it's an Intel briefing before a mission. It has me on the edge of my seat. 😂

[patriciazoza]

What an incredible miracle the human body is!! no human being could ever fathom the way our body works, it’s only obvious that there was there is a supreme, intelligent being beyond our comprehension that made us!!🙏💫

[mdasib]

Full video in comment

In this animation, we want to show the human immune system with images never seen before. We will learn how macrophages, as well as other cells and mechanisms, protect our organism from death every day.

Our skin, like the bark of a tree, represents valuable protection. However, the skin is also home to countless microorganisms, among other things, nourished and protected by an oily fluid called sebum, which is produced by sebaceous glands. Sebum contains antimicrobial elements that can kill harmful microbes or too many microbes on the skin, creating a harmonious coexistence between skin cells and microbes, a kind of symbiosis. Microbes also keep one another in balance and kill pathogens dangerous to our cells.

The protective layer of hollow organs such as the nose, mouth, and trachea is a mucous membrane. Mucous membranes possess cilia that move mucus, to which foreign substances adhere, upward into the oral cavity. If mucociliary clearance is not sufficient, an attempt is made to achieve clearance of unwanted particles through coughing. This is done by inhalation followed by a sudden exhalation to remove foreign substances from the lungs and trachea.

The bone marrow has stem cells and is the birthplace for many different immune cells, which are also called leukocytes. Stem cells divide to form daughter cells, either asymmetric or symmetric. Symmetric cell division results in either two stem cells or two progenitor cells. The progenitor cells divide again and again, so a single stem cell becomes many immune cells or leukocytes. One common immune cell is the neutrophil, and some remain in the bone marrow, while others enter the bloodstream.

Our neutrophil belongs to the so-called innate immune system and moves through the blood vessels during inflammatory processes. The endothelial cells of the blood vessels have special receptors, leading to a process called diaeresis. Neutrophils follow cytokines, signal substances of other cells, in the connective tissue. Neutrophils' job is to eat bacteria through a process called phagocytosis, and they also produce certain cytokines that attract other granulocytes and cells of the innate immune system, like macrophages.

Macrophages arrive on the scene before neutrophils phagocyte bacteria and produce signal substances like tumor necrosis factor, which suppresses hunger, causes fever, and stimulates leukocyte production.

Another type of leukocyte is the T cell, which possesses receptors to recognize antigens presented by antigen-presenting cells like macrophages. T cells are formed in the bone marrow and mature in the thymus, where they develop antigen receptors. Some migrate to secondary lymphoid organs like lymph nodes and the spleen.

Naive T cells meet dendritic cells in secondary lymphoid organs, which have already had contact with a pathogen and present antigens on their surface. T cells scan dendritic cells for antigens, and if a match is found, activation and clonal expansion occur.

Cytotoxic T cells, a type of T cell, scan other cells for antigens. If they find the antigen, they induce apoptosis in the infected cell, eventually eaten by macrophages.

In addition to cytotoxic T cells, there are T helper cells, memory T cells, regulatory T cells, and others. T helper cells work with B cells, which originate in the bone marrow, and search for specific antigens. B cells can activate immediately or present antigens to T helper cells, leading to clonal expansion and the production of plasma cells, memory B cells, and antibodies.

Antibodies produced by plasma cells bind to antigens, rendering toxins harmless and marking antigens for phagocytosis by macrophages. This process is called opsonization.

All immune cells originate from stem cells, which develop into progenitor cells and eventually immune cells. Other important immune cells include natural killer cells and platelets. Platelets, also known as thrombocytes, originate from megakaryocytes in the bone marrow and are essential for blood clotting.

If an injury to a blood vessel occurs, platelets adhere to collagen fibers and each other, forming a platelet plug, followed by the formation of fibrin strands that bind more platelets and red blood cells, resulting in a strong clot.

[sthnwatch]

What an outstanding presentation!

Thank you sincerely for posting this video. It is excellent in refreshing my knowledge in Human Immune System Biomedicine, and I'm stoked with it.

[Gumball]

Watching this for my immune system military can get motivation, battle strategies, and train recruit immune system soldiers

[thatboyss]

Great animation. I’m sure many would appreciate this.

[RockyKhim]

Thank you guys for the excellent job! I'm so impressed and glad to see how this immune system works with my own eyes actually. It's hugely helpful.

[patrickbennett]

I love being covered in sebuma and half exploded micro organisms! So comforting to know! Thanks

[MultiTipsie]

Beautiful! Also simple enough to show and learn my kids about this! Thank you!

[iamwellandgood]

thank you so much i AM SO MUCH GRATEFUL

[rajputsankar]

How beautifully animated. Loved your work Thomas Sir. ❤

[Greatjob-mx]

As a medical student, I think that this video is one of the most amazing I have ever seen.

[owl]

feels like in cinema, im soo fascinated. nice work!