The END of the COLD WAR, 1900-present [AP World History] Unit 8 Topic 8 (8.8)

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AP HEIMLER REVIEW GUIDE (formerly known as the Ultimate Review Packet):

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In this video Heimler walks you through three causes of the end of the Cold War, and it all aligns with the AP World History curriculum for Unit 8 topic 8 (8.8).

The first cause is the military and technological advancement of the United States, not least the Strategic Defense Initiative (dubbed Star Wars by its detractors).

The second cause was the failed Soviet invasion of Afghanistan which crippled the Soviet economy.

The third cause was Mikhail Gorbachev's policies of perestroika and glasnost which introduced economic and political freedoms to the states of the Soviet Union.

With all these causes pressing against the Soviet Union, it collapsed in 1991, thus bringing an end to the Cold War.

If you have any questions, leave them below and Heimler shall answer them forthwithly.

Heimler's History

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We all know the cold war didn't actually happen now because you posted it on April fools thank you sir for enlightening us

alex_birch

Thank you so much for posting these videos you're way better than my teacher at explaining and teaching, thank you so much!

reizimmerman

I am a teacher and I use these. They are wonderful. So well done. A minor quibble here: MLK did have something to do with colonial resistance. MLK was opposed to the Vietnam War. MLK's later, more radical views are often overlooked. Anyway, thank you sir for the service you are providing teachers and students.

Cardinalhawk

How are there only 7 thousand views? EVERY APWH STUDENT NEEDS TO WATCH THESE

samp-w

shoot missiles with... space-lasers.... got it

ember

my notes:

Military and technological development of the US
by the early 1980s the United States and the Soviet Union combined have produced over 12, 000 nuclear missiles and all of those missiles were pointed at each other
major consideration that kept their fingers off the launch button is that they knew that if either of them launched whichever one of them started the war neither of them would be alive to finish the war bc if a nuclear war occurred it would result in mutual assured destruction
even so it was still tense between these powers for a very long time
in the 1980s US President Ronald Reagan lead the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI): a system that rendered any attack on the United States obsolete
SDI sought to launch defense systems into space that could detect a nuclear launch and then shoot them down from space with a laser
turned out this was going to cost way too much even though they did start spending on it and the technology for it to be achieved was way too far in the future
so the plan was eventually scrapped however the announcement of the plan and the steps that they did take in that direction had the effect of shifting power to America and away from the Soviet Union
Failed Soviet invasion of Afghanistan
in 1978 communists led a coup in Afghanistan and established a communist government *supported by the Soviets
new government enacted repressive policies and became deeply unpopular with the majority of the people
result of this discontent was that in 1979 the Soviet friendly President of Afghanistan Nur Muhammad Taraki was murdered by his second-in-command Hafizullah Amin
Amin then became the president and he was patently not Soviet friend
so in December of 1979 the Soviets invaded Afghanistan killed Amin and set up another Soviet friendly president
this action was roundly condemned by the United Nations but the Soviets remained in Afghanistan trying to squash rebellions throughout the country
the problem was that they couldn't gain much ground against the guerrilla tactics of the Afghans in the vast Afghan wilderness
bc of this the war stretched on for a decade and it put a tremendous strain on the Soviet economy both bc of the fighting and all the economic sanctions the rest of the world was putting on them
Soviets ended up losing this battle of attrition and many historians point to this as a major cause of the fall of the Soviet Union
Public discontent and economic weakness in the Soviet Union
even before the economic turmoil the Soviet economy had been in a bad way since the 60s
foreign trade was extremely limited, government control of agriculture stifled that industry bc farmers didn't have control over what to plant or how much to charge for what they did harvest
Eastern European countries in the Soviet bloc were growing more and more discontent with the repressive policies of the Soviet Union
Prague Spring: was a series of mass protests in Czechoslovakia in 1968
the Soviets violently crushed this outcry but the sentiment was spreading and they were having to devote more and more resources they didn't have to putting down these rebellion

These 3 causes pressing hard against the Soviet Union it was sure to collapse and the end came about like this
in 1985 a more liberal Russian came to power in the Soviet Union and his name was Mikhail Gorbachev
he championed two programs that would ultimately undermine the Soviet Union completely
1. perestroika which allow for some elements of free enterprise in the Soviet economy
2. Glasnost which allowed for the opening of the political process and the granting of more freedom
these policies created the occasion for more freedom and Soviet controlled countries as well
it meant that the soviet union would no longer come to the aid of communist regimes in eastern europe
once some of the economic freedoms of perestroika were felt in some of those countries, they wanted some more, so democratic reforms began sweeping through all those nations and even wound up affecting the Soviet Union itself
in December of 1991 the Soviet Union was officially dismantled and the Cold War was over

Sarah-hlnl

500 yrs later Heimler appears in a video on YouTube about history of education. " around 2020s 70% of WHAP students gets 5 o their test due to this guy.."

fancyba

Be careful about how good you are at this; current education systems might be exposed as inferior or obsolete.

mikeferrin

I wish I had you as my teacher- like I love my teacher but he never makes things so simple

flyingtoast

Thanks Heimler, you're a big help and make this all more interesting!

brokoblin

you've been pumping out content lately man, still great!

bobbyfr

Me lowkey thinking I had another chapter and frantically searching Heimler videos only to discover:
I AM ACTUALLY CAUGHT UP
Got my adulting pants ready sir

hannahmorgan