Quantum SHAPE-SHIFTING: Neutrino Oscillations

Показать описание

This video is about the phenomenon of neutrino oscillations, which is where neutrinos can change flavors (ie, change between electron, muon, or tau neutrinos) because those interaction states are in non-trivial superpositions of the free traveling/mass eigenstates (𝜈1, 𝜈2 and 𝜈3).

MinutePhysics is on twitter - @minutephysics

REFERENCES

Minute Physics provides an energetic and entertaining view of old and new problems in physics -- all in a minute!

Created by Henry Reich

Рекомендации по теме

Комментарии

This is the best explanation of neutrino oscillation I've ever seen! ... and I worked at the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory

veritasium

Feeling cute, might turn into a tau later idk

gammarayneutrino

Even after getting a PhD in neutrino physics....this is the most efficient explanation of neutrinos I've ever heard! Good work!

armchair_physicist

A neutrino walks into a bar.

...no reaction.

instrumentenfreak

Important note about this: So the flavor eigenstates are super positions of the mass eigenstates, but the reverse is also true! Mass eigenstates are superpositons of flavor eigenstates. So while neutrinos propagate as mass states, once they interact they collapse into a single flavor eigenstate. Just like happens with energy or cats in boxes.

ilovebats

Neutrinos are too weird. The more I learn, the more I'm convinced that modern physics is magic and the people who work on it are wizards.

flyingbicycles

Please do more videos in this style. In other videos you often only used a metaphor, without linking the metaphor to reality. In this video you clearly explained what reality is like, using metaphors the right way. Great job.

LucasdeKam

I remember learning about it this in class, I think you gave a wonderful description of it.

DarkWolfMaster

"Their identities can change over time."
haha, same

TristanBomber

Doesn't understand a word he's going on about...

But watches whole video anyway.

Ethan_Roberts

Theoretical neutrino mass value of 1.616 * 10^(-37) kg or 9.065 * 10^(-2) eV, which is consistent with the earlier made boundary predictions. Therefore, we are waiting for experimental confirmation :).

Yes, the neutrino has a mass, and now we will try to predict it quite accurately.
For this we need to remember a little chemistry. For further explanation, we quote.
“It is more interesting to consider what happens to an electron in a region with linear dimensions smaller than the Compton wavelength of an electron. According to Heisenberg uncertainty in this area, we have a quantum mechanical uncertainty in the momentum of at least m*c and a quantum mechanical uncertainty in the energy of at least me*c^2 :

Δp ≥ mе*c and ΔE ≥ me*c^2

which is sufficient for the production of virtual electron-positron pairs. Therefore, in such a region the electron can no longer be regarded as a "point object", since it (an electron) spends part of its time in the state "electron + pair (positron + electron)". As a result of the
above, an electron at distances smaller than the Compton length is a system with an infinite number of degrees of freedom and its interaction should be described within the framework of quantum field theory. Most importantly, the transition to the intermediate state "electron + pair (positron + electron)" carried per time ~ λc.е./c

Δt = λc.е./c = 2.4263*10^(-12)/(3*10^8) = 8.1*10^(-20) s

Now we will try to use all the above-mentioned to describe the chemical bond using Einstein's theory of relativity and Heisenberg's uncertainty principle.

To do this, let's make one assumption: suppose that the wavelength of an electron on a Bohr orbit (the hydrogen atom) is the same Compton wavelength of an electron, but in another frame of reference, and as a result there is a 137-times greater Compton wavelength (due to the effects of relativity theory):

λc.е. = h/(me*c) = 2.4263*10^(-12) m

λb. = h/(me*v) = 2*π*R = 3.324 Å

λb./λc.е. = 137

where R = 0.529 Å, the Bohr radius.

Naturally, if we present the Universe as an interferential picture of all elementary particles, then such a Universe will have a certain spectrum. Moreover, in such a spectrum, the maximum will be determined by elementary particles, of which there will be more. It is clear that in our Universe most of all is neutrinos, let us recall the well-known fact that in a few seconds 10^14 neutrinos fly through our body without obstacles.

E = 6.626 × 10−4 eV. from this follows λmax = 1.8725 * 10^(-3) m.

E = mc^2, λ = h/(mc), h = 6, 626 * 10^(−34) J*s

Therefore, if we again assume that this is the Compton wavelength of the neutrino (since the maximum), but only 137 times more due to the effects of the theory of relativity, as in the case of the de Broglie wave in the N. Bohr model, see above. The determination of the neutrino mass is not difficult:

λmax = λc.n. * 137 = (h*137)/(m*c)= 1.8725 * 10^(-3) m

m(n) = (h * 137)/(λmax * c) = (h * 137)/(1.8725 * 10^(-3) * 3 * 10^8) = 1.616 * 10^(-37) kg.

m(n) = 1.616 * 10^(-37) kg, or 9.065 * 10^(-2) eV

where λc.n. - Compton wavelength neutrino,

λmax - maximum cosmic microwave background wavelength,

m(n) - neutrino mass, c - the speed of light.

Thus, we obtained a theoretical neutrino mass value of 1.616 * 10^(-37) kg or 9.065 * 10^(-2) eV, which is consistent with the earlier made boundary predictions. But, our prediction is accurate. Therefore, we are waiting for experimental confirmation :).

volodymyrbezverkhniy

3:00 Neutrinos have different identities depending on whether they're interacting with other particles.

Relatable

MrEnderChop

I actually have an internship this summer at a nuclear research lab called Jefferson lab so this was pretty cool to watch !

AndrewDotsonvideos

Continued excellence in science and general knowledge of the universe, yet not a hint of arrogance. You are a top of the line human.

CharlesBurnsPrime

i understand neutrino oscillations fairly well, but I've never seen such a good explanation of that captures so well subject.
awesome work, keep it coming ^^

MooImABunny