Carbon 14 Dating Problems - Nuclear Chemistry & Radioactive Decay

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This nuclear chemistry video tutorial explains how to solve carbon-14 dating problems. It discusses how to estimate the age of an expired piece of wood based on the radioactive decay of the C-14 isotope which undergoes beta decay. It discusses how to use two formulas given the carbon-14 decay rate in counts per minute per gram to estimate the age of the sample. This video contains plenty of examples and practice problems.

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Very qualitative explanation and demonstration, thank you.

AlexandreLollini

Don't forget to include the calculations for the variables of solar flares that have accelerated the decay rates.

archangel_metatron

you really save my education my man, chemistry and me? not friends, but you and me? certainly!!!

makima

For all you keyboard warriors, this is just a tutorial for how calculations are done based on relative objects, and assumed values given from the context of the question, so students can learn how to use the formulas.

TickyTack

How do we know that that the decay rate and absorption rate is constant?

jfg

Does the heartwood of the tree give you a different c14 date than the outer, living portion of the tree?

nphojin

The theory is nice, but in practice ? and the influence of powerful CME or geomagnetic storms ? how to take a sample? having a mass perfectly known ? putting it in a detector and not miss one decay event ? I don't understand how historians are able to pinpoint exactly one year (especially during the first millenia) for events, and how to be sure Rome avents and Gaul events are in sync ?

AlexandreLollini

Carbon 14 in the atmosphere is not constant

jfg

The assumption that C14 is constant is incorrect,
Carbon14 can be affected by a number of different factors or events:
• The strength of Earths magnetic field
• Atmospheric C14 variations between hemispheres
• Burning of fossil fuels as during the industrial revolution caused variations to the C14 in the atmosphere because of human use of fossil fuels (Seuss effect) and decreased sun spot activity (Maunder Minimum)
• Alteration effects such as fractionation (dC13 correction)
• In situ production from N14 within trees
• C12 added to the tree through the uptake of water from the subsurface dolimitic (carbonate) soils this would result in C14 ages obtained which would be much older than they really are.
• Recrystallisation in shells and the marine effect
• Volcanic eruptions contaminating the atmosphere
• Forest fires
• Sun flares
• Lightning storms - Carbon-14 may also be produced by lightning [22][23] but in amounts negligible, globally, compared to cosmic ray production. Local effects of cloud-ground discharge through sample residues are unclear, but possibly significant.
• Nuclear testing

The C14/C12 ratio can never be proven to be a constant.

georgebond

Damn this Carbon-14 guy has got it rough too.

nahfid

This method works wonderful giving the decay rate of the things, or the sum of c14 before hand. But this method is not reliable when the sum is not given ahead of the equation.

Bloodhound_Dogg

hey man you hang everything on that evolpropeller shit

triminh

@12:12 what you said (N-initial) and what you wrote (N-final) did not match.

Still listening to the rest of this magic

Peace

shanedivix

C14 half-life is 5730 ± 30 years, who was born ~5730 yrs ago and observed certain amount of C14 decay to half of it's original amount after 5730 ± 30 years?

jbangz