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**Answer:** **c) Lotus**

### **Detailed Explanation:**

The **Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera)** is officially recognized as the national flower of India. This designation highlights its cultural, spiritual, and ecological importance in Indian heritage. Here's why the Lotus is significant:

#### **1. Symbolism in Indian Culture:**
- The Lotus is a symbol of **purity, beauty, and divinity** in Indian culture. Despite growing in muddy or swampy waters, the flower blooms clean and unblemished, representing the idea of rising above worldly impurities.
- It is also associated with **spiritual awakening and enlightenment**, making it a revered symbol in Indian religions like Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism.

#### **2. Role in Religions:**
- **Hinduism:** The Lotus is often associated with deities like **Goddess Lakshmi** (goddess of wealth) and **Lord Vishnu**. The Lotus represents wealth, prosperity, and creation.
- **Buddhism:** The Lotus is a symbol of spiritual enlightenment and is often depicted in Buddhist art and scriptures.
- **Jainism:** It is linked to the purity of the soul and spiritual progress.

#### **3. Historical References:**
- Ancient Indian texts like the **Rigveda** and **Puranas** mention the Lotus as a divine and sacred flower.
- The **Lotus motif** is commonly found in ancient Indian architecture and sculptures, reflecting its importance through history.

#### **4. Ecological Importance:**
- The Lotus is an aquatic plant that thrives in still or slow-moving water bodies. It is valued for its ability to grow in adverse conditions, representing **resilience and perseverance.**
- The seeds of the Lotus can remain viable for hundreds of years, symbolizing **longevity.**

#### **5. Official Recognition:**
- The Indian government officially recognized the Lotus as the national flower of India, emphasizing its status as a **unifying symbol of the country's cultural diversity and natural heritage.**

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### **Key Takeaways:**
- The **Lotus** is not just a flower but a profound symbol of **Indian philosophy** and values.
- Its resilience and purity inspire people to rise above challenges, just like the flower rises above muddy waters.
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