How to create instant ice | Live Experiments (Ep 29) | Head Squeeze

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Science communicator Fran Scott shows us how to create Instant Ice using; ice, a bucket, salt, a bottle of water and an almighty bash!

IMPORTANT: You will need one sober adult with a sense of scientific wonder....
 
What you need to get started is: a bucket, a large bag of ice, a thermometer, 500 grams of salt and a 500ml bottle of water.
 
1. Pour your large bag of ice into your bucket
2. Cover your ice in 400 grams of salt 
3. Squash in 3 bottles of water into your ice leaving the tops uncovered
4. If you have a thermometer it would be useful to put this in now
5. Leave to cool for 15 minutes and check your thermometer (anything below -6 degrees Celsius and your good to go)
6. Now carefully lift one of your bottles out and bash it off a table/work surface and let stand
7. Now sit back and watch the Instant Ice form
8. If it doesn't form leave you 2 remaining bottles to cool for a while longer and have another go.

Live Experiments: Our resident science demo thrill-seekers will give the YouTube audience their big science treat each week with an experiment where you can find out how to make food dance, power a light bulb with household objects and create mega smoke rings!

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It basically prevents water molecules from forming crystalline structures. Any sort of impurities in the water will do that is just that salt dissolves in water and as a result NaCl molecules become distributed pretty even.

sergheiadrian
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The reason we salt the roads is because salt lowers the freezing point of water to about 0 degrees Fahrenheit. This means that out on the roads if it is below 32 degrees but above 0 then the ice will melt on the roadway.

This is the same reason that it will make water colder than 32. Once the water has frozen it generally doesn't cool anymore and stays at 32 degrees. But if you put salt in the water it can continue to cool, since it isn't frozen to a temperature that is lower than freezing.

hastyscorpion
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WelshBucket says "The salt makes it more difficult for the water to freeze by disallowing the crystalline structure to form, and it makes it easier to melt by allowing the structure to break up more easily."

MrSquishedsquashed
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If I leave water in a 0 degree environment it freezes, which is why 0 degrees is know as the freezing point of water, it doesn't simultaneously freeze and melt at 0.
Also thank you, you answered the original question in the last part of your comment I will re post it to the guy who asked XD

MrSquishedsquashed
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Salt lowers the freezing point of water. The underlying factor is the crystal lattice structure of ice being disrupted by ions.

YR
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My guess is that when salt is added to ice, the salt tends to bond with the water, breaking up the ice. This is called melting. Since it absorbs heat, it is endothermic, which makes the air around it get colder, which lowers the temperature.

Gruskinator
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They were referring to "(anything below -6 degrees Celsius and your good to go)" in the description :D

gownerjones
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What's going to happen if you poured the water out of the bottle? Would it freeze while running out of the bottle?

MukkiMitMuetze
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It works. But maybe with even lower temperatures. Sometimes when i leave a bottle of water in the fridge and take it out after a few hours, i can see that effect.

TheInfiniteBit
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on the molecular level, how does salt lower the melting point of ice?

PartVIII
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All the salt on the road does is provide additional grip for car wheels, so they don't slip around.

gownerjones
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Actually, it's the other way around. Water forms crystalline structures when freezing. But anyway, salt prevents those crystalline structures from being stable at temperatures below 0 Celsius.

sergheiadrian
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I've been doing this for like 4 years. I bring water with me to school. i leave it in the fridge overnight, then put it in the freezer about 45 minutes, then take it out, and agitate it.

danieljohn
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4:17
I'd like to point out science always works...
Experiment might fail, but the science always works...

Athrun
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The energy goes into the salt, of course.

"Salt makes ice colder by upsetting the delicate balance of ice. The salt slows down the melting rate of ice since the ice needs more energy to melt and yet he salt is drawing energy from the ice. Basically, the ice lowers the temperature at which water freezes."

Google it man!
Have a nice day.

Chefen
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Can't super chill the ice without water to distribute and dissolve the salt. With this the ice won't get very far below 0c until water has begun to pool in the base after several minutes. It's unlikely that the bottles were below freezing, rather, close to 0c, not below it.

gromann
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so if someone dived in a water that's below 0 they would be frozen?

RC
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i was just about to say the same. most topic on head squeeze are things that i either learned in elementary school or on my own. but im sure there are a huge amount of people who dont know this

FullmoonEffects
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sure, in a mixture of ice and water under normal conditions the water is 0° C the ice can be any temperature 0 or colder. when you add salt the liquid water can be at a lower temperature before it becomes ice. the salt allows the water to be colder and water transfers heat better than solid ice because it makes more contact with the bottles. adding a substance that is at room temperature can't make something colder than room temperature colder.

pineapplenewton
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You forgot to WARN that salt and ice may burn your skin. Remember to wash your hands after manipulating the salt and the ice.

pedrohenriquefischer