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Myositis Ossificans - Everything You Need To Know - Dr. Nabil Ebraheim
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Dr. Ebraheim’s educational animated video describes the condition of Myositis Ossificans. Bony formation within a muscle secondary to a blunt trauma. It could mimic osteogenic sarcoma (osteosarcoma) on x-rays and in biopsy. The condition occurs in young active males due to trauma to the muscle and soft tissues (hematoma in the muscle). The muscles that are usually involved include the quadriceps muscle, brachialis muscle, gluteal muscles and deltoid muscles.
Clinical presentation: Pain, tender swelling and decreased range of motion will usually occur within days of the injury. Painless, enlarging mass that occurs usually after an injury. It is a self-limiting problem.
X-rays: The mineralization occurs about 3 weeks after the injury. Initially you will find faint, irregular soft tissue density called dotted veil pattern. This is followed by a “zoning pattern: as the mineralization progresses. You will find that “zoning” is like an egg shell that is mineralized from new bone that appears usually after trauma. This peripheral maturation is the opposite of what you would see in malignant tumors. For example, in osteosarcoma the central part of the tumor is mature. The differential diagnosis may include extraskeletal osteosarcoma (soft tissue osteosarcoma) or periosteal osteosarcoma. CT scans of myositis ossificans will show the “egg shell” calcification.
Treatment: The patient is typically a young active male with a painless mass that occurs 2-4 weeks after injury. Treatment will include rest, activity modification, observations and physical therapy to maintain the active range of motion (no passive range of motion). Do not excise it in early stages because this will lead to recurrence. The size of the mass will usually decrease after 1 year. Follow up x-rays will be needed. If surgery is indicated, it should be delayed until the lesion is mature (may take up to one year). Some people will go early. There is a risk that the mass may return.
Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva (FOP): It is an inherited affliction, autosomal dominant pattern, in which the ossification can occur without injury, and typically grows in a predictable pattern. It also can occur from genetic mutation. It is a rare disease involving the ACVR1 gene, a BMP type1. BMP4, which helps in the formation of the skeleton in the embryo, is also implicated. The disease has progressive heterotopic ossification (muscles, fascia, tendons, ligaments and joint capsules) and congenital malformation of the great toe.
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Clinical presentation: Pain, tender swelling and decreased range of motion will usually occur within days of the injury. Painless, enlarging mass that occurs usually after an injury. It is a self-limiting problem.
X-rays: The mineralization occurs about 3 weeks after the injury. Initially you will find faint, irregular soft tissue density called dotted veil pattern. This is followed by a “zoning pattern: as the mineralization progresses. You will find that “zoning” is like an egg shell that is mineralized from new bone that appears usually after trauma. This peripheral maturation is the opposite of what you would see in malignant tumors. For example, in osteosarcoma the central part of the tumor is mature. The differential diagnosis may include extraskeletal osteosarcoma (soft tissue osteosarcoma) or periosteal osteosarcoma. CT scans of myositis ossificans will show the “egg shell” calcification.
Treatment: The patient is typically a young active male with a painless mass that occurs 2-4 weeks after injury. Treatment will include rest, activity modification, observations and physical therapy to maintain the active range of motion (no passive range of motion). Do not excise it in early stages because this will lead to recurrence. The size of the mass will usually decrease after 1 year. Follow up x-rays will be needed. If surgery is indicated, it should be delayed until the lesion is mature (may take up to one year). Some people will go early. There is a risk that the mass may return.
Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva (FOP): It is an inherited affliction, autosomal dominant pattern, in which the ossification can occur without injury, and typically grows in a predictable pattern. It also can occur from genetic mutation. It is a rare disease involving the ACVR1 gene, a BMP type1. BMP4, which helps in the formation of the skeleton in the embryo, is also implicated. The disease has progressive heterotopic ossification (muscles, fascia, tendons, ligaments and joint capsules) and congenital malformation of the great toe.
Become a friend on facebook:
Follow me on twitter:
Donate to the University of Toledo Foundation Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Endowed Chair Fund:
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