Gravitational Waves: A New Era of Astronomy Begins

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On September 14th, 2015, a ripple in the fabric of space, created by the violent collision of two distant black holes over a billion years ago, washed across the Earth. As it did, two laser-based detectors, 50 years in the making – one in Louisiana and the other in Washington State – momentarily twitched, confirming a century-old prediction by Albert Einstein and marking the opening of a new era in astronomy. Join some of the very scientists responsible for this most anticipated discovery of our age and see how gravitational waves will be used to explore the universe like never before.

This program will feature exclusive footage from director Les Guthman’s upcoming documentary chronicling the drama of the gravitational waves discovery.

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Original Program Date: June 4, 2016
MODERATOR: Brian Greene
PARTICIPANTS: Barry Barish, Nergis Mavalvala, Frans Pretorius, David Shoemaker, Rai Weiss

Brian Greene's Introduction - 00:00

Einsteins prediction of bending light - 5:58

Participant Introductions - 9:55

Chapter one: The Discovery - 11:37

The rumors of a gravitational wave - 14:40

How LIGO almost missed the gravitational wave - 19:16

BICEP2 and getting it right - 22:34

Could we have recreated this experiment without a gravitational wave? - 27:09

Chapter two: The Numerical Relativity - 29:30

So you detect a gravitational wave, what does that mean? - 31:58

Black holes vs Neutron stars - 48:12

Chapter three: Detection - 54:31

How LIGO Laboratory works - 1:04:06

How do you shield the laser from the other waves in the world? - 1:09:00

The move from LIGO to Advanced LIGO 1:12:24

Giving credit to Barry Barish - 1:20:04

Chapter four: The Future of LIGO 1:24:40

eLISA and a space interferometer - 1:27:40

Mathematically solving the future of colliding black holes 1:32:00
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I'll never forget when this discovery was made, the professors at my university took my class to the common room and handed out copies of the paper, explaining to us how groundbreaking it was. Only two years earlier I had found out about gravitational waves and lamented that I would probably not live long enough to see them verified. Science never fails to impress and amaze.

HolyMith
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Here is a group of people who are in the frontiers of human understanding and knowledge yet remain so humble. Wow! Bravo!! real superstars

kmad
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Brian Green is an absolute legend. Very well spoken and clear for us laymen

ParrArsenal
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I translated this video to Brazilian Portuguese, but I don’t see any subtitles available…
People should see this, be aware of the beauty science can achieve. The idea that Einstein almost 100 years ago predicted that we should be able to see this waves, albeit difficult, 1 billion dollars later and a group of a 1.000 working together to make this happen, is outstanding, really remarkable. I used the word ‘beauty’ because this seems to me to be closest you can get to the subjective experience we have when contemplating art, but in this case you don’t need to see or hear anything, just understand and think about it.

EdsonSiquara
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Brian Greene your linguistic skills are excellent. Not to mention your perfectly clear train of thought and ability to convey it without a pause, hiccup, or stutter are to me truly impressive. You are a cultural gem for your devotion to science and its dissemination. Thank you very much!

quenfitzgibbons
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The timing of the gravitational waves LIGO detected was beyond phenomenal.

Phdintheory
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Rai so deserved his 2017 Nobel. And it nicely rewards his decades long commitment to this project.

dontgetmadgetwise
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This is the longest Youtube video I've watched and felt wanting more. I'm glad there are many breakthroughs that happened recently, Higgs Boson, BEC, and Gravitational Waves. All these can be related. Einstein still continues to fascinate.

zodiacfml
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Three different detectors saw the same thing.The scientists on this panel have been working on this for up to 40 years.Who among us would be that scientifically patient and rigorous about the results.They deserve great respect.And no one but those in the field can truly focus and understand what was accomplished.We can be skeptical but given time I believe this will be a normal part of science.Gravitational waves are here to stay.

brucegelman
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Congratulations on the 2017 Nobel Prize. I already watched this presentation last year when it was first published .. it's still informative and entertaining

compphysgeek
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So, here's a guy who's devoted his career to string theory and is careful to put a caveat on someone else's implicit assumption that string theory is correct. Where else do you see this? In politics? In religion? That one moment is a little jewel hidden in the rest of this excellent presentation.

dk
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This is a huge achievement in the history of science. And yet there are so many people out there who have no idea about this, and if you ask them about LIGO and gravitational waves, they will just look at you with a confused expression. And if you do explain it to them, they will usually just give you a "that's nice, dear" kind of reply.

Langkowski
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This is really excellent; the best in the series from the World Science Festival that I have seen.

jamesglyer
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32:49 Brian Greene "We like to sometimes do a little bit of the math" ... what follows is a rapid tour de force of the Einstein equations. Bravo.

modolief
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Awesome time to be in, this discovery is super bad ass.

stevegovea
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Always a treat to observe those who are steadfast in the pursuit of knowledge without hype.

waltspencer
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This was just phenomenal. Truly inspiring to show how human ingenuity and collaboration can help us understand our universe a little bit more.

j.n
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Such brilliant, inspiring, intelligent people, and an absolutely mind blowing discussion! :) I enjoyed every minute of it, thank you.

swissschoolofyoga
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HELP: The description educators use to describe space bending via gravitational forces troubles me because we use the analogy of a trampoline and a heavy object in the middle to describe such phenomena. However, the description is taking place in a semi-2D grid and we know, obviously, reality is in 3D. So in all, the waves do not travel just in the x-axis but in a complete 360 degree coverage from the origin. I am probably not making sense, but the trampoline description does not fulfill my mind; I just want to see space bending in a 360 degree coverage but that will not look as appealing as the former analogy. Anyways thanks!

TheJfranco
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Physicists are insane. They're so intelligent!

osalas