How to debug your python code with the python debugger pdb

debugging is an essential skill for any programmer, and python provides a built-in debugger called `pdb` that allows you to troubleshoot your code interactively. here's a comprehensive tutorial on how to use `pdb` effectively.

### what is `pdb`?

`pdb` stands for python debugger. it is a powerful interactive source code debugger for python programs. you can set breakpoints, step through code, inspect variables, and evaluate expressions in real-time.

### getting started with `pdb`

2. **importing `pdb`**: you can invoke `pdb` in your python script or run it directly in your terminal.

### basic commands in `pdb`

here are some basic commands you’ll use frequently while debugging:

- `h(elp)`: show help for commands.
- `n(ext)`: execute the next line of code.
- `s(tep)`: step into a function call.
- `c(ontinue)`: continue execution until the next breakpoint.
- `b(reak)`: set a breakpoint at a specified line number.
- `l(ist)`: list source code around the current line.
- `p(rint)`: evaluate and print the expression.
- `q(uit)`: quit the debugger.

### example code

let’s create a simple python script that contains some bugs, and we will use `pdb` to debug it.

#### sample code with bugs

### debugging with `pdb`

2. **run the script**: execute the script from the terminal:

3. **using `pdb` commands**:
- use the `l` command to list the current code around the breakpoint.
- use the `n` command to execute the next line.
- when you reach the line `average = calculate_average(nums)`, use `p nums` to print the val ...

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