Welcome to Cosmology and its Fundamental Observations

This video combines chapters 1 and 2 of the videos in my new series of Cosmology.

(This is an updated version correcting a couple mistakes.)

I'm going through Dr. Barbara Ryden's textbook "Introduction to Cosmology". If you follow along, you'll get a full upper-division undergraduate course in Cosmology. I used this textbook at William Paterson University. This course will cover the current state of the science of Cosmology. To follow along, it'll be a good idea for you to ge to know your calculus. Here are the topics of this video:

Introductory Cosmology:
Chapter 01: What is Cosmology?
Chapter 02: Fundamental Observations
-- 01: What is Olbers' paradox?
-- 02: The Universe is Isotropic and Homogeneous
-- 03: Redshift is Proportional to Distance
-- 04: Different Types of Particles
-- 05: Cosmic Microwave Background

What is Cosmology?
Units of Distance, Units of Mass, Units of Time, Units of Energy and Power, The Very Small, Fundamental Constants of Nature, Planck Units, Geometrized Units, and The Briefest History of Cosmology

Some things covered from Fundamental Observations:
Where did it come from? How is Copernicus involved with this? Is the Universe infinite in extent?
Is the Universe infinitely old? Why is Edgar Allan Poe so grumpy? What are homogeneity and isotropy? How can we measure them? How does the Cosmic Microwave Background apply to this? What does the Hubble Deep Field Survey add? What does this mean for the laws of physics? Why are we alone in the local universe? Nearly all Galaxies Show a Redshift. Does cosmic redshift happen by chance? Does the redshift violate the cosmological principle? How can we quantify the expansion of spacetime? What are the Hubble Time and Distance? How does measuring the rate of expansion give us the age of the universe? What is the Steady State Model? Why does the Big Bang win over the Steady State? What's beyond the cosmic horizon? Elementary Particle Physics. Quarks, Leptons, Bosons and Hadrons. Introductory quantum chromodynamics. Baryonic and non-baryonic matter
Photons and the blackbody distribution. Neutrino flavors and their mysterious masses. Dark matter. The Nature of Photons. Blackbody Radiation. An overlooked origin story to the CMB, starring: Ralph Alpher, Robert Hermann, George Gamove, Arno Penzias, Robert Wilson, and Robert Dicke. COBE, WMAP, and Planck CMB Missions. The origin of the CMB from Quark-Anti-Quark soup to the epochs of Recombination and Decoupling.

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[learntolearnll]

its crazy that this is free on youtube. thank you so much.

[zeropol]

Thanks Jason, thanks Barbara, thanks physical sciences. May our hearts be as insatiable as our curiosity.

[aceq]

why do i wake up at this videos end every time lmao

[anotherplatypus]

I'm hoping our understanding of Neutrinos makes more sense later on... they seem confusing like predicting Mars' orbit seemed before we figured out the heliocentric model of the solar system

[DrDeuteron]

Neutron mass is not bigger because it’s made from a proton, electron and antineutrino, neutron is more massive because the down quark is more massive than the up quark. Why the quark masses differ is whole thing (chiral symmetry breaking), which may or may not affect cosmology (idk), but I wouldn’t be surprise if it’s part of baryogenesis.

[davidseed]

How old is the book you are using. The age of the universe is now given as 13.8 Gyr not 14+

[malinkifox]

Your cosmic distance debate video needs an update with James Webb stuff. Your video became a bit outdated

[scottdorfler]

5:30 You mention parallax and one AU. Isn't parallax measured six months apart from the opposite side of the sun? Wouldn't that be two AU? I'm a little confused. Well I'm a lot confused, but that's besides the point.

[HardcoreHokage]

So are you a cosmologist or an Astrophysicist?